2znj

<StructureSection load='2znj' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2znj]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.50&Aring;' scene=''>

<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2znj]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desha Desha]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2ZNJ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2ZNJ FirstGlance]. <br>

</td></tr><tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">pylS ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=49338 DESHA])</td></tr>

<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrolysine--tRNA(Pyl)_ligase Pyrrolysine--tRNA(Pyl) ligase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=6.1.1.26 6.1.1.26] </span></td></tr>

<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2znj FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2znj OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2znj PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2znj RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2znj PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2znj ProSAT]</span></td></tr>

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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==

Pyrrolysine (Pyl), the 22nd natural amino acid, is genetically encoded by UAG and inserted into proteins by the unique suppressor tRNA(Pyl) (ref. 1). The Methanosarcinaceae produce Pyl and express Pyl-containing methyltransferases that allow growth on methylamines. Homologous methyltransferases and the Pyl biosynthetic and coding machinery are also found in two bacterial species. Pyl coding is maintained by pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS), which catalyses the formation of Pyl-tRNA(Pyl) (refs 4, 5). Pyl is not a recent addition to the genetic code. PylRS was already present in the last universal common ancestor; it then persisted in organisms that utilize methylamines as energy sources. Recent protein engineering efforts added non-canonical amino acids to the genetic code. This technology relies on the directed evolution of an 'orthogonal' tRNA synthetase-tRNA pair in which an engineered aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) specifically and exclusively acylates the orthogonal tRNA with a non-canonical amino acid. For Pyl the natural evolutionary process developed such a system some 3 billion years ago. When transformed into Escherichia coli, Methanosarcina barkeri PylRS and tRNA(Pyl) function as an orthogonal pair in vivo. Here we show that Desulfitobacterium hafniense PylRS-tRNA(Pyl) is an orthogonal pair in vitro and in vivo, and present the crystal structure of this orthogonal pair. The ancient emergence of PylRS-tRNA(Pyl) allowed the evolution of unique structural features in both the protein and the tRNA. These structural elements manifest an intricate, specialized aaRS-tRNA interaction surface that is highly distinct from those observed in any other known aaRS-tRNA complex; it is this general property that underlies the molecular basis of orthogonality.

Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNA(Pyl) structure reveals the molecular basis of orthogonality.,Nozawa K, O'Donoghue P, Gundllapalli S, Araiso Y, Ishitani R, Umehara T, Soll D, Nureki O Nature. 2009 Feb 26;457(7233):1163-7. Epub 2008 Dec 31. PMID:19118381<ref>PMID:19118381</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>

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<div class="pdbe-citations 2znj" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

*[[Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase|Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase]]

[[Category: Desha]]

[[Category: Araiso, Y]]

[[Category: Ishitani, R]]

[[Category: Nozawa, K]]

[[Category: Nureki, O]]

[[Category: Soll, D]]

[[Category: Ligase]]