3bef

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[[Image:3bef.jpg|left|200px]]
 
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{{Structure
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==Crystal structure of thrombin bound to the extracellular fragment of PAR1==
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|PDB= 3bef |SIZE=350|CAPTION= <scene name='initialview01'>3bef</scene>, resolution 2.20&Aring;
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<StructureSection load='3bef' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3bef]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
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|SITE= <scene name='pdbsite=AC1:Nag+Binding+Site+For+Residue+E+302'>AC1</scene>
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== Structural highlights ==
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|LIGAND= <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3bef]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3BEF OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3BEF FirstGlance]. <br>
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|ACTIVITY= <span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin Thrombin], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.21.5 3.4.21.5] </span>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.2&#8491;</td></tr>
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|GENE= F2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens]), F2R, CF2R, PAR1, TR ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr>
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|DOMAIN=
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3bef FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3bef OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3bef PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3bef RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3bef PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3bef ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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|RELATEDENTRY=[[1shh|1SHH]], [[2gp9|2GP9]], [[3bei|3BEI]]
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</table>
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|RESOURCES=<span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3bef FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3bef OCA], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3bef PDBsum], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3bef RCSB]</span>
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== Disease ==
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}}
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN] Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613679 613679]. It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.<ref>PMID:14962227</ref> <ref>PMID:6405779</ref> <ref>PMID:3771562</ref> <ref>PMID:3567158</ref> <ref>PMID:3801671</ref> <ref>PMID:3242619</ref> <ref>PMID:2719946</ref> <ref>PMID:1354985</ref> <ref>PMID:1421398</ref> <ref>PMID:1349838</ref> <ref>PMID:7865694</ref> <ref>PMID:7792730</ref> Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601367 601367]; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.<ref>PMID:15534175</ref> Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/188050 188050]. It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/614390 614390]. A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.<ref>PMID:11506076</ref>
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== Function ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN] Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.<ref>PMID:2856554</ref>
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== Evolutionary Conservation ==
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[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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Check<jmol>
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<jmolCheckbox>
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<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/be/3bef_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
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<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
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<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
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</jmolCheckbox>
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3bef ConSurf].
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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Allostery is a common mechanism of regulation of enzyme activity and specificity, and its signatures are readily identified from functional studies. For many allosteric systems, structural evidence exists of long-range communication among protein domains, but rarely has this communication been traced to a detailed pathway. The thrombin mutant D102N is stabilized in a self-inhibited conformation where access to the active site is occluded by a collapse of the entire 215-219 beta-strand. Binding of a fragment of the protease activated receptor PAR1 to exosite I, 30-A away from the active site region, causes a large conformational change that corrects the position of the 215-219 beta-strand and restores access to the active site. The crystal structure of the thrombin-PAR1 complex, solved at 2.2-A resolution, reveals the details of this long-range allosteric communication in terms of a network of polar interactions.
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'''Crystal structure of thrombin bound to the extracellular fragment of PAR1'''
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Structural identification of the pathway of long-range communication in an allosteric enzyme.,Gandhi PS, Chen Z, Mathews FS, Di Cera E Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 12;105(6):1832-7. Epub 2008 Feb 4. PMID:18250335<ref>PMID:18250335</ref>
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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</div>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 3bef" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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==Overview==
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==See Also==
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Na(+) binding near the primary specificity pocket of thrombin promotes the procoagulant, prothrombotic, and signaling functions of the enzyme. The effect is mediated allosterically by a communication between the Na(+) site and regions involved in substrate recognition. Using a panel of 78 Ala mutants of thrombin, we have mapped the allosteric core of residues that are energetically linked to Na(+) binding. These residues are Asp-189, Glu-217, Asp-222, and Tyr-225, all in close proximity to the bound Na(+). Among these residues, Asp-189 shares with Asp-221 the important function of transducing Na(+) binding into enhanced catalytic activity. None of the residues of exosite I, exosite II, or the 60-loop plays a significant role in Na(+) binding and allosteric transduction. X-ray crystal structures of the Na(+)-free (slow) and Na(+)-bound (fast) forms of thrombin, free or bound to the active site inhibitor H-d-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethyl-ketone, document the conformational changes induced by Na(+) binding. The slow --&gt; fast transition results in formation of the Arg-187:Asp-222 ion pair, optimal orientation of Asp-189 and Ser-195 for substrate binding, and a significant shift of the side chain of Glu-192 linked to a rearrangement of the network of water molecules that connect the bound Na(+) to Ser-195 in the active site. The changes in the water network and the allosteric core explain the thermodynamic signatures linked to Na(+) binding and the mechanism of thrombin activation by Na(+). The role of the water network uncovered in this study establishes a new paradigm for the allosteric regulation of thrombin and other Na(+)-activated enzymes involved in blood coagulation and the immune response.
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*[[Thrombin 3D Structures|Thrombin 3D Structures]]
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== References ==
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==Disease==
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<references/>
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Known disease associated with this structure: Dysprothrombinemia OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=176930 176930]], Hyperprothrombinemia OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=176930 176930]], Hypoprothrombinemia OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=176930 176930]]
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__TOC__
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</StructureSection>
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==About this Structure==
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3BEF is a [[Protein complex]] structure of sequences from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3BEF OCA].
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==Reference==
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Molecular dissection of Na+ binding to thrombin., Pineda AO, Carrell CJ, Bush LA, Prasad S, Caccia S, Chen ZW, Mathews FS, Di Cera E, J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 23;279(30):31842-53. Epub 2004 May 19. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15152000 15152000]
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[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
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[[Category: Protein complex]]
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[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Thrombin]]
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[[Category: Bah A]]
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[[Category: Bah, A.]]
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[[Category: Chen Z]]
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[[Category: Cera, E Di.]]
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[[Category: Di Cera E]]
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[[Category: Chen, Z.]]
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[[Category: Gandhi PS]]
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[[Category: Gandhi, P S.]]
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[[Category: Mathews FS]]
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[[Category: Mathews, F S.]]
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[[Category: acute phase]]
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[[Category: blood coagulation]]
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[[Category: calcium]]
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[[Category: cleavage on pair of basic residue]]
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[[Category: disease mutation]]
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[[Category: g-protein coupled receptor]]
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[[Category: gamma-carboxyglutamic acid]]
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[[Category: glycoprotein]]
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[[Category: hydrolase]]
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[[Category: kringle]]
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[[Category: membrane]]
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[[Category: phosphoprotein]]
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[[Category: polymorphism]]
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[[Category: receptor]]
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[[Category: secreted]]
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[[Category: serine protease]]
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[[Category: transducer]]
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[[Category: transmembrane]]
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[[Category: zymogen]]
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''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Mon Mar 31 05:25:30 2008''
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Current revision

Crystal structure of thrombin bound to the extracellular fragment of PAR1

PDB ID 3bef

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