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| | <StructureSection load='6izn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6izn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.75Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='6izn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6izn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.75Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6izn]] is a 2 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6IZN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6IZN FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6izn]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6IZN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6IZN FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=B1O:3-[[6-(2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)oxy-7-fluoranyl-1-methyl-benzimidazol-2-yl]methoxy]benzoic+acid'>B1O</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.75Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6izn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6izn OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6izn PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6izn RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6izn PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6izn ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=B1O:3-[[6-(2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)oxy-7-fluoranyl-1-methyl-benzimidazol-2-yl]methoxy]benzoic+acid'>B1O</scene></td></tr> |
| | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6izn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6izn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6izn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6izn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6izn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6izn ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN]] Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer. Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/601665 601665]]. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.<ref>PMID:9753710</ref> Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/604367 604367]]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.<ref>PMID:12453919</ref> <ref>PMID:11788685</ref> Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/137800 137800]]. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility. | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN] Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer. Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601665 601665]. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.<ref>PMID:9753710</ref> Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604367 604367]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.<ref>PMID:12453919</ref> <ref>PMID:11788685</ref> Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/137800 137800]. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility. |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN]] Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.<ref>PMID:9065481</ref> <ref>PMID:16150867</ref> <ref>PMID:20829347</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PRGC1_HUMAN PRGC1_HUMAN]] Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Greatly increases the transcriptional activity of PPARG and thyroid hormone receptor on the uncoupling protein promoter. Can regulate key mitochondrial genes that contribute to the program of adaptive thermogenesis. Plays an essential role in metabolic reprogramming in response to dietary availability through coordination of the expression of a wide array of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism.<ref>PMID:10713165</ref> <ref>PMID:20005308</ref> <ref>PMID:21376232</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN] Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.<ref>PMID:9065481</ref> <ref>PMID:16150867</ref> <ref>PMID:20829347</ref> |
| | + | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | + | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
| | + | Derivatization efforts were continued to discover backups for a potent selective PPARgamma modulator, DS-6930. In this Letter, the replacement of 2-pyridine ring in DS-6930 with 3- or 4-pyridyl group is reported. As the introduction of substituents on the pyridine ring did not provide potent partial agonists, modifications of benzimidazole ring were explored to discover potent intermediate agonists. 4'-Alkoxy substituted benzimidazoles failed to show potent efficacy in vivo, whereas 7'-fluoro benzimidazole 3g (DS19161384) was found to result in robust plasma glucose reductions with excellent DMPK profiles. |
| | + | |
| | + | Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 3- or 4-Pyridine Derivatives of DS-6930.,Shinozuka T, Tsukada T, Fujii K, Tokumaru E, Matsui Y, Wakimoto S, Ogata T, Araki K, Sawamura R, Watanabe N, Mori M, Tanaka J ACS Med Chem Lett. 2019 Feb 26;10(3):358-362. doi:, 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00645. eCollection 2019 Mar 14. PMID:30891140<ref>PMID:30891140</ref> |
| | + | |
| | + | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="pdbe-citations 6izn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures|Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Hanzawa, H]] | + | [[Category: Hanzawa H]] |
| - | [[Category: Matsui, Y]] | + | [[Category: Matsui Y]] |
| - | [[Category: Transcription]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
PPARG_HUMAN Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer. Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:601665. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.[1] Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:604367. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.[2] [3] Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:137800. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility.
Function
PPARG_HUMAN Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.[4] [5] [6]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Derivatization efforts were continued to discover backups for a potent selective PPARgamma modulator, DS-6930. In this Letter, the replacement of 2-pyridine ring in DS-6930 with 3- or 4-pyridyl group is reported. As the introduction of substituents on the pyridine ring did not provide potent partial agonists, modifications of benzimidazole ring were explored to discover potent intermediate agonists. 4'-Alkoxy substituted benzimidazoles failed to show potent efficacy in vivo, whereas 7'-fluoro benzimidazole 3g (DS19161384) was found to result in robust plasma glucose reductions with excellent DMPK profiles.
Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 3- or 4-Pyridine Derivatives of DS-6930.,Shinozuka T, Tsukada T, Fujii K, Tokumaru E, Matsui Y, Wakimoto S, Ogata T, Araki K, Sawamura R, Watanabe N, Mori M, Tanaka J ACS Med Chem Lett. 2019 Feb 26;10(3):358-362. doi:, 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00645. eCollection 2019 Mar 14. PMID:30891140[7]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Ristow M, Muller-Wieland D, Pfeiffer A, Krone W, Kahn CR. Obesity associated with a mutation in a genetic regulator of adipocyte differentiation. N Engl J Med. 1998 Oct 1;339(14):953-9. PMID:9753710 doi:10.1056/NEJM199810013391403
- ↑ Hegele RA, Cao H, Frankowski C, Mathews ST, Leff T. PPARG F388L, a transactivation-deficient mutant, in familial partial lipodystrophy. Diabetes. 2002 Dec;51(12):3586-90. PMID:12453919
- ↑ Agarwal AK, Garg A. A novel heterozygous mutation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene in a patient with familial partial lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jan;87(1):408-11. PMID:11788685
- ↑ Mukherjee R, Jow L, Croston GE, Paterniti JR Jr. Identification, characterization, and tissue distribution of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms PPARgamma2 versus PPARgamma1 and activation with retinoid X receptor agonists and antagonists. J Biol Chem. 1997 Mar 21;272(12):8071-6. PMID:9065481
- ↑ Yin Y, Yuan H, Wang C, Pattabiraman N, Rao M, Pestell RG, Glazer RI. 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Mol Endocrinol. 2006 Feb;20(2):268-78. Epub 2005 Sep 8. PMID:16150867 doi:10.1210/me.2005-0197
- ↑ Park SH, Choi HJ, Yang H, Do KH, Kim J, Lee DW, Moon Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated C/EBP homologous protein enhances nuclear factor-kappaB signals via repression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. J Biol Chem. 2010 Nov 12;285(46):35330-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.136259. Epub 2010, Sep 9. PMID:20829347 doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.136259
- ↑ Shinozuka T, Tsukada T, Fujii K, Tokumaru E, Matsui Y, Wakimoto S, Ogata T, Araki K, Sawamura R, Watanabe N, Mori M, Tanaka J. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 3- or 4-Pyridine Derivatives of DS-6930. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2019 Feb 26;10(3):358-362. doi:, 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00645. eCollection 2019 Mar 14. PMID:30891140 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00645
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