6nmi

Structural highlights

Disease

[TF2H5_HUMAN] Defects in GTF2H5 are a cause of trichothiodystrophy photosensitive (TTDP) [MIM:601675]. TTDP is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by sulfur-deficient brittle hair and nails, ichthyosis, mental retardation, impaired sexual development, abnormal facies and cutaneous photosensitivity correlated with a nucleotide excision repair (NER) defect. Neonates with trichothiodystrophy and ichthyosis are usually born with a collodion membrane. The severity of the ichthyosis after the membrane is shed is variable, ranging from a mild to severe lamellar ichthyotic phenotype. There are no reports of skin cancer associated with TTDP.

Function

[TF2H3_HUMAN] Component of the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. Anchors XPB. [TF2H5_HUMAN] Component of the TFIIH basal transcription factor involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. Necessary for the stability of the TFIIH complex and for the presence of normal levels of TFIIH in the cell.^[1] [MAT1_HUMAN] Stabilizes the cyclin H-CDK7 complex to form a functional CDK-activating kinase (CAK) enzymatic complex. CAK activates the cyclin-associated kinases CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 by threonine phosphorylation. CAK complexed to the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor activates RNA polymerase II by serine phosphorylation of the repetitive C-terminus domain (CTD) of its large subunit (POLR2A), allowing its escape from the promoter and elongation of the transcripts. Involved in cell cycle control and in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II.^[2] [TF2H4_HUMAN] Component of the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II.

References

1. ↑ Giglia-Mari G, Coin F, Ranish JA, Hoogstraten D, Theil A, Wijgers N, Jaspers NG, Raams A, Argentini M, van der Spek PJ, Botta E, Stefanini M, Egly JM, Aebersold R, Hoeijmakers JH, Vermeulen W. A new, tenth subunit of TFIIH is responsible for the DNA repair syndrome trichothiodystrophy group A. Nat Genet. 2004 Jul;36(7):714-9. Epub 2004 Jun 27. PMID:15220921 doi:10.1038/ng1387
2. ↑ Tirode F, Busso D, Coin F, Egly JM. Reconstitution of the transcription factor TFIIH: assignment of functions for the three enzymatic subunits, XPB, XPD, and cdk7. Mol Cell. 1999 Jan;3(1):87-95. PMID:10024882
3. ↑ Greber BJ, Toso DB, Fang J, Nogales E. The complete structure of the human TFIIH core complex. Elife. 2019 Mar 12;8. pii: 44771. doi: 10.7554/eLife.44771. PMID:30860024 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.44771