6ro4

Structural highlights

Disease

ERCC3_HUMAN IBIDS syndrome;Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group B;PIBIDS syndrome;Xeroderma pigmentosum/Cockayne syndrome complex. Defects in ERCC3 are the cause of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group B (XP-B) [MIM:610651; also known as xeroderma pigmentosum II (XP2) or XP group B (XPB) or xeroderma pigmentosum group B combined with Cockayne syndrome (XP-B/CS). Xeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive pigmentary skin disorder characterized by solar hypersensitivity of the skin, high predisposition for developing cancers on areas exposed to sunlight and, in some cases, neurological abnormalities. Some XP-B patients present features of Cockayne syndrome, including dwarfism, sensorineural deafness, microcephaly, mental retardation, pigmentary retinopathy, ataxia, decreased nerve conduction velocities.^{[1] [2]} Defects in ERCC3 are a cause of trichothiodystrophy photosensitive (TTDP) [MIM:601675. TTDP is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by sulfur-deficient brittle hair and nails, ichthyosis, mental retardation, impaired sexual development, abnormal facies and cutaneous photosensitivity correlated with a nucleotide excision repair (NER) defect. Neonates with trichothiodystrophy and ichthyosis are usually born with a collodion membrane. The severity of the ichthyosis after the membrane is shed is variable, ranging from a mild to severe lamellar ichthyotic phenotype. There are no reports of skin cancer associated with TTDP.^[3]

Function

ERCC3_HUMAN ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase, component of the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor, involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. Acts by opening DNA either around the RNA transcription start site or the DNA damage.^[4]

References

1. ↑ Vermeulen W, Scott RJ, Rodgers S, Muller HJ, Cole J, Arlett CF, Kleijer WJ, Bootsma D, Hoeijmakers JH, Weeda G. Clinical heterogeneity within xeroderma pigmentosum associated with mutations in the DNA repair and transcription gene ERCC3. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Feb;54(2):191-200. PMID:8304337
2. ↑ Oh KS, Khan SG, Jaspers NG, Raams A, Ueda T, Lehmann A, Friedmann PS, Emmert S, Gratchev A, Lachlan K, Lucassan A, Baker CC, Kraemer KH. Phenotypic heterogeneity in the XPB DNA helicase gene (ERCC3): xeroderma pigmentosum without and with Cockayne syndrome. Hum Mutat. 2006 Nov;27(11):1092-103. PMID:16947863 doi:10.1002/humu.20392
3. ↑ Weeda G, Eveno E, Donker I, Vermeulen W, Chevallier-Lagente O, Taieb A, Stary A, Hoeijmakers JH, Mezzina M, Sarasin A. A mutation in the XPB/ERCC3 DNA repair transcription gene, associated with trichothiodystrophy. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Feb;60(2):320-9. PMID:9012405
4. ↑ Tirode F, Busso D, Coin F, Egly JM. Reconstitution of the transcription factor TFIIH: assignment of functions for the three enzymatic subunits, XPB, XPD, and cdk7. Mol Cell. 1999 Jan;3(1):87-95. PMID:10024882
5. ↑ Kokic G, Chernev A, Tegunov D, Dienemann C, Urlaub H, Cramer P. Structural basis of TFIIH activation for nucleotide excision repair. Nat Commun. 2019 Jun 28;10(1):2885. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10745-5. PMID:31253769 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10745-5