Exosome

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Exosome

Exosome complex containing exonuclease 1 (green), exonuclease 2 (grey) and exosome complex RNA-binding protein 1 (wheat) complex with PEG400 (pdb code 2je6).

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

The Exosome complex (or just- Exosome) is a multi-protein complex capable of degrading various types of RNA molecules. The Exosome complex is found in eukaryotic cell, and also in archaea, while in bacteria it is found as a simpler complex (but it has the same function). ^[1]

Some of the exosome components are:

MTR3 and SKI6 are part of RNase PH domain-containing subunits proposed to form a central channel which threads RNA for degradation.
MTR4 interacts with Nop53 and together they have a role in the maturation of 5.8S rRNA^[2].
Rrp6 is a nuclear-specific subunit promoting cell survival during heat stress^[3].
Rrp44 is the catalytic subunit ^[4].
Csl4 is required for mRNA decay.
M-phase phosphoprotein 6 is involved in the 3'-processing of the 7S pre-RNA to the mature 5.8S rRNA.

1 Function
- 1.1 Enzymatic function
- 1.2 Substrates
2 Disease
3 Structural highlights
4 3D structures of exosome

Function

In order to see the structure of the protein complex, press .

Enzymatic function

The exosome is primarily a 3'-5' exoribonuclease, meaning that it degrades RNA molecules from their 3' end. In eukaryotes it also have an endoribonucleolytic function, meaning it cleaves RNA at sites within the molecule.

Substrates

The exosome is involved in the degradation and processing of a wide variety of RNA species. Substrates of the exosome include messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and many species of small RNAs.

Disease

Autoimmunity

The exosome complex is the target of autoantibodies, which are known to be found in people that suffer from various autoimmune diseases (especially PM/Scl overlap syndrome). In the autoimune diseases, antibodies are mainly directed against two of the proteins of the complex, called PM/Scl-100 and PM/Scl-75.

Cancer treatment

The Exosome is found to be inhibited by a cancer chemotherapy drug, which called antimetabolite fluorouracil. This drug is one of the most successful drugs for treating solid tumors.

Neurological disorders

Mutations in Exosome component 3 cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia and spinal motor neuron disease.

Structural highlights

The central machinery of exosome is shaped like a , with its RNA cleavage machinery sheltered in a groove inside. The core of the Exosome complex is made of a ring, which is consisting of six RNases proteins (Rnase PH-like proteins), and other proteins are attached. You can also view the complex in a .

3D structures of exosome

Exosome 3D structures

References

↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosome_complex#Structure
↑ Falk S, Tants JN, Basquin J, Thoms M, Hurt E, Sattler M, Conti E. Structural insights into the interaction of the nuclear exosome helicase Mtr4 with the pre-ribosomal protein Nop53. RNA. 2017 Sep 7. pii: rna.062901.117. doi: 10.1261/rna.062901.117. PMID:28883156 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.062901.117
↑ Wang C, Liu Y, DeMario SM, Mandric I, Gonzalez-Figueroa C, Chanfreau GF. Rrp6 Moonlights in an RNA Exosome-Independent Manner to Promote Cell Survival and Gene Expression during Stress. Cell Rep. 2020 Jun 9;31(10):107754. PMID:32521279 doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107754
↑ Schaeffer D, Tsanova B, Barbas A, Reis FP, Dastidar EG, Sanchez-Rotunno M, Arraiano CM, van Hoof A. The exosome contains domains with specific endoribonuclease, exoribonuclease and cytoplasmic mRNA decay activities. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2009 Jan;16(1):56-62. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.1528. Epub 2008 Dec , 7. PMID:19060898 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.1528

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Nitzan Dubovski, Michal Harel

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/Exosome"

Category: Topic Page

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 <StructureSection load='2je6' size='340' side='right' caption='Exosome complex containing exonuclease 1 (green), exonuclease 2 (grey) and exosome complex RNA-binding protein 1 (wheat) complex with PEG400 (pdb code [[2je6]]).' scene=''>
 The '''Exosome complex''' (or just- Exosome) is a multi-protein complex capable of degrading various types of RNA molecules. The Exosome complex is found in eukaryotic cell, and also in archaea, while in bacteria it is found as a simpler complex (but it has the same function). <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosome_complex#Structure</ref>
+Some of the exosome components are:<br />
+*'''MTR3''' and '''SKI6''' are part of RNase PH domain-containing subunits proposed to form a central channel which threads RNA for degradation.<br />
+*'''MTR4''' interacts with Nop53 and together they have a role in the maturation of 5.8S rRNA<ref>PMID:28883156</ref>.<br />
+*'''Rrp6''' is a nuclear-specific subunit promoting cell survival during heat stress<ref>PMID:32521279</ref>.<br />
+*'''Rrp44''' is the catalytic subunit <ref>PMID:19060898</ref>.<br />
+*'''Csl4''' is required for mRNA decay.<br />
+*'''M-phase phosphoprotein 6''' is involved in the 3'-processing  of the 7S pre-RNA to the mature 5.8S rRNA.
 __TOC__
@@ Line 34: / Line 43: @@
 </StructureSection>
-==3D structures of exosome==
-Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
-{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
-*Exosome
-**[[2cpr]] – hRRP6 HRDC domain – human - NMR<br />
-**[[3saf]], [[3sag]], [[3sah]] – hRRP6 catalytic domain (mutant)<br />
-**[[6ieg]] – hMTR4<br />
-**[[6ieh]] – hMTR4 + NRDE2<br />
-**[[2nn6]] – hCSL4 + RRP40 + RRP41 + RRP42 + RRP43 + RRP44 + RRP45 + RRP46 + RRP4 + MTR3 <br />
-**[[2je6]], [[2br2]] – SsRRP4 + RRP41 + RRP42 – ''Sulfolobus solfataricus'' <br />
-**[[2jeb]] - SsRRP4 + RRP41 + RRP42 + exonuclease 1 + RNA-binding protein 1 + Mn<br />
-**[[2ba0]] – AfRRP4 + RRP41 + RRP42 – Archaeoglobus fulgidus<br />
-**[[2ba1]] – AfCSL4 + RRP41 + RRP42 <br />
-**[[2hbj]], [[2hbk]] – yRRP6 (mutant) - yeast<br />
-**[[2ja9]] – yRRP6 <br />
-**[[2hbl]], [[2hbm]] – yRRP6 (mutant) + nucleotide<br />
-**[[4wfc]] – yRRP6 +RRP47 <br />
-**[[4wfd]] – yRRP6 +RRP47 + MTR4<br />
-**[[2wp8]] – yRRP45 + SKI6 + DIS3<br />
-**[[5okz]] – yCSL4 + RRP40 + RRP42 + RRP43 + RRP45 + RRP46 + RRP4 + SKI6 + MTR3 + M-phase phosphoprotein 6  <br />
-**[[5g06]] – yCSL4 + RRP40 + RRP42 + RRP43 + RRP45 + RRP46 + RRP4 + RRP6 + SKI6 + MTR3 + superkiller protein 7 + DIS3 <br />
-*Exosome complex with RNA
-**[[6h25]] – hCSL4 + RRP40 + RRP41 + RRP42 + RRP43 + RRP44 + RRP45 + RRP46 + RRP4 + MTR3 + M-phase phosphoprotein 6 + RNA – Cryo EM<br />
-**[[6d6r]], [[6d6q]] – hCSL4 + RRP40 + RRP41 + RRP42 + RRP43 + RRP44 + RRP45 + RRP46 + RRP4 + MTR3 + MTR4 + component 10 + M-phase phosphoprotein 6 + DNA/RNA + RNA – Cryo EM<br />
-**[[2jea]] - SsRRP4 + RRP41 + RRP42 + exonuclease 1 + RNA-binding protein 1 + RNA<br />
-**[[3m7n]] – AfCSL4 + RRP41 + RRP42 + RNA<br />
-**[[2m85]] – AfCSL4 + RRP41 (mutant) + RRP42 (mutant) + RNA<br />
-**[[2vnu]], [[5c0y]] – yRRP6 + RNA<br />
-**[[4ifd]] – yCSL4 + RRP40 + RRP41 + RRP42 + RRP43 + RRP44 + RRP45 + RRP46 + RRP4 + MTR3 + RNA <br />
-**[[4oo1]] – yCSL4 + RRP40 + RRP42 + RRP43 + RRP45 + RRP46 + RRP4 + RRP6 + SKI6 + MTR3 + RNA <br />
-**[[5vzj]] – yCSL4 + RRP40 + RRP42 + RRP43 + RRP45 + RRP46 + RRP4 + RRP6 + SKI6 + MTR3 + M-phase phosphoprotein 6 + DIS3 + RNA <br />
-**[[5k36]], [[5c0x]], [[5c0w]] – yCSL4 + RRP40 + RRP42 + RRP43 + RRP45 + RRP46 + RRP4 + RRP6 + SKI6 + MTR3 + DIS3 + RNA <br />
-**[[5jea]] – yCSL4 + RRP40 + RRP42 + RRP43 + RRP45 + RRP46 + RRP4 + RRP6 + SKI6 + MTR3 + superkiller protein 7 + DIS3 + RNA <br />
-**[[5jea]] – yCSL4 + RRP40 + RRP42 + RRP43 + RRP45 + RRP46 + RRP4 + RRP6 + SKI6 + MTR3 + LRP1 + RNA <br />
-}}
 == References ==
 <references/>
 [[Category: Topic Page]]

Exosome

From Proteopedia

Current revision

Exosome

Contents

Function

Enzymatic function

Substrates

Disease

Autoimmunity

Cancer treatment

Neurological disorders

Structural highlights

3D structures of exosome

References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Views

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