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| | <StructureSection load='2xew' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2xew]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='2xew' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2xew]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2xew]] is a 12 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2XEW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2XEW FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2xew]] is a 12 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2XEW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2XEW FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FLC:CITRATE+ANION'>FLC</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.2Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1xqq|1xqq]], [[2jf5|2jf5]], [[1ubq|1ubq]], [[2gbj|2gbj]], [[2g45|2g45]], [[2gbk|2gbk]], [[1zgu|1zgu]], [[2j7q|2j7q]], [[2wdt|2wdt]], [[1f9j|1f9j]], [[2bgf|2bgf]], [[1fxt|1fxt]], [[1tbe|1tbe]], [[2ayo|2ayo]], [[1gjz|1gjz]], [[1xd3|1xd3]], [[1nbf|1nbf]], [[1g6j|1g6j]], [[1ubi|1ubi]], [[1sif|1sif]], [[1d3z|1d3z]], [[2w9n|2w9n]], [[1ogw|1ogw]], [[2gbn|2gbn]], [[2gbm|2gbm]], [[1yx5|1yx5]], [[1c3t|1c3t]], [[1q5w|1q5w]], [[1s1q|1s1q]], [[1yx6|1yx6]]</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FLC:CITRATE+ANION'>FLC</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2xew FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2xew OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2xew PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2xew RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2xew PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2xew ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2xew FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2xew OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2xew PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2xew RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2xew PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2xew ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | + | == Function == |
| | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBC_HUMAN UBC_HUMAN] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.<ref>PMID:16543144</ref> <ref>PMID:19754430</ref> |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| - | *[[Ubiquitin|Ubiquitin]] | + | *[[3D structures of ubiquitin|3D structures of ubiquitin]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Bremm, A]] | + | [[Category: Bremm A]] |
| - | [[Category: Freund, S M.V]] | + | [[Category: Freund SMV]] |
| - | [[Category: Komander, D]] | + | [[Category: Komander D]] |
| - | [[Category: Cell cycle]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Deubiquitination]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Proteasome]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Protein degradation]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
UBC_HUMAN Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.[1] [2]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Ubiquitin is a versatile cellular signaling molecule that can form polymers of eight different linkages, and individual linkage types have been associated with distinct cellular functions. Though little is currently known about Lys11-linked ubiquitin chains, recent data indicate that they may be as abundant as Lys48 linkages and may be involved in vital cellular processes. Here we report the generation of Lys11-linked polyubiquitin in vitro, for which the Lys11-specific E2 enzyme UBE2S was fused to a ubiquitin binding domain. Crystallographic and NMR analyses of Lys11-linked diubiquitin reveal that Lys11-linked chains adopt compact conformations in which Ile44 is solvent exposed. Furthermore, we identify the OTU family deubiquitinase Cezanne as the first deubiquitinase with Lys11-linkage preference. Our data highlight the intrinsic specificity of the ubiquitin system that extends to Lys11-linked chains and emphasize that differentially linked polyubiquitin chains must be regarded as independent post-translational modifications.
Lys11-linked ubiquitin chains adopt compact conformations and are preferentially hydrolyzed by the deubiquitinase Cezanne.,Bremm A, Freund SM, Komander D Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010 Aug;17(8):939-47. Epub 2010 Jul 11. PMID:20622874[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Huang F, Kirkpatrick D, Jiang X, Gygi S, Sorkin A. Differential regulation of EGF receptor internalization and degradation by multiubiquitination within the kinase domain. Mol Cell. 2006 Mar 17;21(6):737-48. PMID:16543144 doi:S1097-2765(06)00120-1
- ↑ Komander D. The emerging complexity of protein ubiquitination. Biochem Soc Trans. 2009 Oct;37(Pt 5):937-53. doi: 10.1042/BST0370937. PMID:19754430 doi:10.1042/BST0370937
- ↑ Bremm A, Freund SM, Komander D. Lys11-linked ubiquitin chains adopt compact conformations and are preferentially hydrolyzed by the deubiquitinase Cezanne. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010 Aug;17(8):939-47. Epub 2010 Jul 11. PMID:20622874 doi:10.1038/nsmb.1873
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