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| | <StructureSection load='2zvo' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2zvo]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.90Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='2zvo' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2zvo]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.90Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2zvo]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lk3_transgenic_mice Lk3 transgenic mice]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2ZVO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2ZVO FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2zvo]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2ZVO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2ZVO FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2zvn|2zvn]], [[3f89|3f89]]</td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.9Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2zvo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2zvo OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2zvo PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2zvo RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2zvo PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2zvo ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2zvo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2zvo OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2zvo PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2zvo RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2zvo PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2zvo ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NEMO_MOUSE NEMO_MOUSE]] Regulatory subunit of the IKK core complex which phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. Its binding to scaffolding polyubiquitin seems to play a role in IKK activation by multiple signaling receptor pathways. Also considered to be a mediator for TAX activation of NF-kappa-B. Could be implicated in NF-kappa-B-mediated protection from cytokine toxicity. Involved in TLR3- and IFIH1-mediated antiviral innate response; this function requires 'Lys-27'-linked polyubiquitination (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9927690</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBC_HUMAN UBC_HUMAN] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.<ref>PMID:16543144</ref> <ref>PMID:19754430</ref> |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| - | *[[Ubiquitin|Ubiquitin]] | + | *[[3D structures of ubiquitin|3D structures of ubiquitin]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Lk3 transgenic mice]] | + | [[Category: Mus musculus]] |
| - | [[Category: Akutsu, M]] | + | [[Category: Akutsu M]] |
| - | [[Category: Bloor, S]] | + | [[Category: Bloor S]] |
| - | [[Category: Dikic, I]] | + | [[Category: Dikic I]] |
| - | [[Category: Ikeda, F]] | + | [[Category: Ikeda F]] |
| - | [[Category: Kato, R]] | + | [[Category: Kato R]] |
| - | [[Category: Kawasaki, M]] | + | [[Category: Kawasaki M]] |
| - | [[Category: Kensche, T]] | + | [[Category: Kensche T]] |
| - | [[Category: Komander, D]] | + | [[Category: Komander D]] |
| - | [[Category: Rahighi, S]] | + | [[Category: Rahighi S]] |
| - | [[Category: Randow, F]] | + | [[Category: Randow F]] |
| - | [[Category: Suzuki, N]] | + | [[Category: Suzuki N]] |
| - | [[Category: Uejima, T]] | + | [[Category: Uejima T]] |
| - | [[Category: Wakatsuki, S]] | + | [[Category: Wakatsuki S]] |
| - | [[Category: Coiled coil]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Cytoplasm]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Metal-binding]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Nf-kb signaling]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Nucleus]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Phosphoprotein]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Transcription]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Transcription regulation]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Transcription-signaling protein complex]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Ubiquitin binding]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Ubl conjugation]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Zinc]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Zinc-finger]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
UBC_HUMAN Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.[1] [2]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a key mediator of inducible transcription in immunity, requires binding of NF-kappaB essential modulator (NEMO) to ubiquitinated substrates. Here, we report that the UBAN (ubiquitin binding in ABIN and NEMO) motif of NEMO selectively binds linear (head-to-tail) ubiquitin chains. Crystal structures of the UBAN motif revealed a parallel coiled-coil dimer that formed a heterotetrameric complex with two linear diubiquitin molecules. The UBAN dimer contacted all four ubiquitin moieties, and the integrity of each binding site was required for efficient NF-kappaB activation. Binding occurred via a surface on the proximal ubiquitin moiety and the canonical Ile44 surface on the distal one, thereby providing specificity for linear chain recognition. Residues of NEMO involved in binding linear ubiquitin chains are required for NF-kappaB activation by TNF-alpha and other agonists, providing an explanation for the detrimental effect of NEMO mutations in patients suffering from X-linked ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency.
Specific recognition of linear ubiquitin chains by NEMO is important for NF-kappaB activation.,Rahighi S, Ikeda F, Kawasaki M, Akutsu M, Suzuki N, Kato R, Kensche T, Uejima T, Bloor S, Komander D, Randow F, Wakatsuki S, Dikic I Cell. 2009 Mar 20;136(6):1098-109. PMID:19303852[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Huang F, Kirkpatrick D, Jiang X, Gygi S, Sorkin A. Differential regulation of EGF receptor internalization and degradation by multiubiquitination within the kinase domain. Mol Cell. 2006 Mar 17;21(6):737-48. PMID:16543144 doi:S1097-2765(06)00120-1
- ↑ Komander D. The emerging complexity of protein ubiquitination. Biochem Soc Trans. 2009 Oct;37(Pt 5):937-53. doi: 10.1042/BST0370937. PMID:19754430 doi:10.1042/BST0370937
- ↑ Rahighi S, Ikeda F, Kawasaki M, Akutsu M, Suzuki N, Kato R, Kensche T, Uejima T, Bloor S, Komander D, Randow F, Wakatsuki S, Dikic I. Specific recognition of linear ubiquitin chains by NEMO is important for NF-kappaB activation. Cell. 2009 Mar 20;136(6):1098-109. PMID:19303852 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.03.007
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