Interleukin
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* '''IL-4''' induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th2 cells.<br /> | * '''IL-4''' induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th2 cells.<br /> | ||
* '''IL-5''' stimulates B cell growth and increases immunoglobulin secretion.<br /> | * '''IL-5''' stimulates B cell growth and increases immunoglobulin secretion.<br /> | ||
| - | * '''IL-6''' is both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory myokine. | + | * '''IL-6''' is both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory myokine. Several studies have outlined the importance of autocrine IL-6 signaling in lung and breast cancers. For example, one group found a positive correlation between persistently activated tyrosine-phosphorylated [[Stepler sandbox STAT3|STAT3]] (pSTAT3), found in 50% of lung adenocarcinomas, and IL-6. Further investigation revealed that mutant [[EGFR]] could activate the oncogenic STAT3 pathway via upregulated IL-6 autocrine signaling. |
* '''IL-7''' is a cytokine important for B and T cells development.<br /> | * '''IL-7''' is a cytokine important for B and T cells development.<br /> | ||
* '''IL-8''' induces chemotaxis and phagocytosis.<br /> | * '''IL-8''' induces chemotaxis and phagocytosis.<br /> | ||
* '''IL-10''' see [[Interleukin-10]] and [[Inflammation & Rheumatoid Arthritis]].<br /> | * '''IL-10''' see [[Interleukin-10]] and [[Inflammation & Rheumatoid Arthritis]].<br /> | ||
* '''IL-11''' involved in the stimulation of megakaryocyte maturation.<br /> | * '''IL-11''' involved in the stimulation of megakaryocyte maturation.<br /> | ||
| - | * ''' IL-12''' induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th1 cells.<br /> | + | * ''' IL-12''' induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th1 cells. See [[Interleukin-12]].<br /> |
* '''IL-13''' induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th2 cells.<br /> | * '''IL-13''' induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th2 cells.<br /> | ||
* '''IL-15''' see [[Interleukin-15]].<br /> | * '''IL-15''' see [[Interleukin-15]].<br /> | ||
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* '''IL-22''' stimulates inflammatory responses like S100 and defensin.<br /> | * '''IL-22''' stimulates inflammatory responses like S100 and defensin.<br /> | ||
* ''' IL-23''' induces activation of the signal transducer and activator of STAT4.<br /> | * ''' IL-23''' induces activation of the signal transducer and activator of STAT4.<br /> | ||
| + | * ''' IL-24''' induces activation of the signal transducer and activator of STAT1 and STAT3.<br /> | ||
* '''IL-28''' has a role in the immune defense against viruses.<br /> | * '''IL-28''' has a role in the immune defense against viruses.<br /> | ||
* '''IL-29''' similar to IL-28.<br /> | * '''IL-29''' similar to IL-28.<br /> | ||
* '''IL-33''' induces helper T cells, mast cells, eosinophils and basophils to produce type 2 cytokines.<br /> | * '''IL-33''' induces helper T cells, mast cells, eosinophils and basophils to produce type 2 cytokines.<br /> | ||
* '''IL-34''' increases growth or survival of monocytes.<br /> | * '''IL-34''' increases growth or survival of monocytes.<br /> | ||
| - | * '''IL-36''' acts on naïve CD4+ T cells. | + | * '''IL-36''' acts on naïve CD4+ T cells.<br /> |
| - | + | * ''' IL-37''' has a role in inhibiting both innate and adaptive immune responses.<br /> | |
| + | See also [[Growth factors]] | ||
== Relevance == | == Relevance == | ||
Uncontrolled activation of IL-1 is a component of of some inflammatory diseases including gout<ref>PMID:26656658</ref>.<br /> | Uncontrolled activation of IL-1 is a component of of some inflammatory diseases including gout<ref>PMID:26656658</ref>.<br /> | ||
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</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
| - | ==3D structures of interleukin== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}} | ||
| - | {{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0| | ||
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| - | *IL-1 α | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[2ila]] - hIL-1 α - human<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[2kki]] - hIL-1 α residues 121-271 <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[2l5x]] – hIL-1 α residues 121-271 + calcium-binding protein A13 – NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-1 β | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[2nvh]], [[9ilb]], [[1iob]], [[5i1b]], [[2i1b]], [[4i1b]], [[1i1b]] - hIL-1 β<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1tp0]], [[1t4q]], [[1too]], [[1twe]], [[1twm]], [[1s0l]], [[1l2h]], [[1hib]], [[21bi]], [[31bi]], [[41bi]] - hIL-1 β (mutant) <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[6i1b]], [[7i1b]] - hIL-1 β - NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3ltq]] - hIL-1 β residues 117-269 <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3pok]] - hIL-1 β residues 117-269 (mutant) <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1itb]] - hIL-1 β + IL-1 receptor 1 extracellular domain<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3o4o]] - hIL-1 β + IL-1 receptor 2 + IL-1 receptor accessory protein<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[4dep]] - hIL-1 β + IL-1 receptor 1 + IL-1 receptor accessory protein<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[4g6j]], [[4g6m]], [[5bvp]] - hIL-1 β + antibody<br /> | ||
| - | **[[2kh2]] - hIL-1 β + SCFV - NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1md6]] – mIL-1F5 – mouse<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[2mib]], [[8i1b]] - mIL-1 β<br /> | ||
| - | **[[2wry]] - cIL-1 β – chicken<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3nj5]], [[4x3a]], [[4x39]], [[4x38]], [[4x37]] – cIL-1 β (mutant) <BR /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-2 (T-cell growth factor) | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[1m47]], [[1m4c]], [[3ink]] – hIL-2<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3qb1]] - hIL-2 (mutant)<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1irl]] – hIL-2 (mutant) - NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[5m5e]] - hIL-2 + IL-2 receptor β + cytokine receptor common γ<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[2erj]], [[2b5i]] - hIL-2 + IL-2 receptor α and β + cytokine receptor common γ<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1z92]] - hIL-2 + IL-2 receptor α<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3qaz]] - hIL-2 + IL-2 receptor β and γ<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1qvn]], [[1nbp]], [[1m4a]], [[1m4b]] – hIL-2 (mutant) + inhibitor<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1pw6]], [[1py2]], [[1m48]], [[1m49]] – hIL-2 + inhibitor<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[4nej]], [[4nem]] – hIL-2 + methylfuran carboxylate derivative<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[5lqb]] - hIL-2 + antibody<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4yue]] - mIL-2 + antibody<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4yqx]] - IL-2 + antibody - rat<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4zf7]] – hIL-2 - ferret<BR /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-3 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[1jli]] – hIL-3 (mutant) – NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[5uv8]], [[5uwc]] – hIL-3 (mutant) + IL-3 receptor α<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[2l3o]] – mIL-3 residues 33-156 (mutant) - NMR | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-4 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[2b8u]], [[1hik]], [[2int]], [[1rcb]] – hIL-4<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[2cyk]], [[1cyl]], [[1itm]], [[1bbn]], [[1bcn]], [[1iti]], [[1itl]] – hIL-4 - NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[2b8x]], [[2b8y]], [[2b8z]], [[2b90]], [[2b91]], [[2d48]], [[1hzi]], [[1hij]] - hIL-4 (mutant) <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[5fhx]] - hIL-4 + antibody<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1iar]] - hIL-4 + IL-4 receptor α (mutant) <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3bpl]] - hIL-4 + IL-4 receptor α + cytokine receptor common γ<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[6oel]] - hIL-4 + IL-4 receptor α + cytokine receptor common γ + antibody<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3qb7]] - hIL-4 + cytokine receptor common γ<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[4ydy]] – hIL-4 + darpin<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3bpn]] - hIL-4 + IL-4 receptor α + IL-13 receptor α | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-5 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[1hul]] – hIL-5<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3qt2]] - hIL-5 + IL-5 receptor α (mutant) <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3va2]] - hIL-5 + IL-5 receptor α <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3b5k]] – mIL-5<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-6 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[1alu]] – hIL-6<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1il6]], [[2il6]] – hIL-6 - NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1p9m]] - hIL-6 + IL-6 receptor α and β<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5fuc]] - hIL-6 + IL-6 receptor α + VHH6<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4j4l]] – hIL-6 + internalin B<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[4ni7]], [[4ni9]] – hIL-6 + nucleotide aptamer<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[4cni]], [[4o9h]], [[4zs7]] – hIL-6 + antibody<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[2l3y]] - mIL-6 residues 27-211 - NMR<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1i16]] – IL-6 + IL-6 receptor β - Herpesvirus 8<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-7 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[3di2]], [[3di3]] - hIL-7 residues 26-177 + IL-7 receptor α ectodomain | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-8 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[3il8]], [[5d14]], [[4xdx]] – hIL-8 residues 28-99<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1il8]], [[2il8]], [[5wdz]] – hIL-8 - NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1qe6]], [[1icw]] – hIL-8 (mutant) <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1ikl]], [[1ikm]] - hIL-8 (mutant) - NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1rod]] - hIL-8/melanoma growth stimulating protein – NMR<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1ilp]], [[1ilq]] - hIL-8 + IL-8 receptor peptide | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-10 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[2h24]], [[1inr]], [[2ilk]], [[1ilk]] – hIL-10<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1j7v]] – hIL-10 + IL-10 receptor α (mutant) <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1y6k]] - hIL-10 residues 19-178 + IL-10 receptor α<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4x51]] – mIL-10<BR /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-10 viral | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[1vlk]] - hvIL-10 residues 26-170 - human herpesvirus 4<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1y6m]] - hvIL-10 residues 26-170 + IL-10 receptor α <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1y6n]] - hvIL-10 residues 26-170 (mutant) + IL-10 receptor α <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1lqs]] - hvIL-10 residues 20-176 + IL-10 receptor α - human herpesvirus 5<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1lk3]] - hvIL-10 residues 26-175 + antibody | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-11 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[4mhl]] - hIL-11<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-12 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[1f45]] - hIL-12 α and β (mutant) <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1f42]] - hIL-12 β P40 domain<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3hmx]] - hIL-12 α and β+ antibody<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4oe8]], [[4og9]], [[5njd]] - hIL-12 β + hIL-23 α + antibody<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5mzv]] - hIL-12 β + hIL-23 α + hIL-23 receptor + antibody<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5mxa]] - hIL-12 β + hIL- 23 α<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5mj3]], [[5mj4]] - hIL-12 β + hIL-23 α + alphabody MB3<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3qwr]] - hIL-12 β + hIL- 23 α + adnectin | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-13 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[1ijz]], [[1ik0]] – hIL-13 – NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1ga3]] - hIL-13 residues 21-132 - NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3l5w]], [[3l5x]], [[3g6d]], [[4i77]], [[4ps4]] - hIL-13 residues 35-146 + antibody<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3lb6]] - hIL-13 + IL-13 receptor α2<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3bpo]], [[5e4e]] - hIL-13 residues 20-145 + IL-4 receptor α + IL-13 receptor α<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5l6y]] - hIL-13 + antibody<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-15 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[2xqb]] – hIL-15 + antibody<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[2psm]], [[2z3q]], [[2z3r]] - hIL-15 + IL-15 receptor α<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4gs7]] - hIL-15 + IL-15 receptor α + IL-2 receptor β,γ <br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-16 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[1i16]] – hIL-16 - NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1x6d]] – hIL-16 PDZ domain – NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-17 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[4hr9]] - hIL-17A (mutant)<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5n92]] - hIL-17A + hIL-17F <br /> | ||
| - | **[[4hsa]] - hIL-17A (mutant) + IL-17A receptor α <br /> | ||
| - | **[[5nan]] - hIL-17A + hIL-17F + IL-17A receptor α <br /> | ||
| - | **[[2vxs]], [[4qhu]] - hIL-17A + antibody<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[5vb9]] - hIL-17A + peptide inhibitor<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[5hi5]], [[5hi4]], [[5hi3]], [[5hhx]], [[5hhv]] - hIL-17A + peptide inhibitor + antibody<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1jpy]] – hIL-17F<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3jvf]] - hIL-17F + IL-17 receptor α | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-18 (Interferon-γ inducing factor) | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[3wo2]] – hIL-18 <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[4xfu]], [[4xft]], [[4xfs]] - hIL-18 (mutant) <BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1j0s]] – hIL-18 - NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[4hjj]] - hIL-18 + antibody<br /> | ||
| - | **[[2vxt]] - hIL-18 (mutant) + antibody<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3f62]] - hIL-18 residues 37-193 (mutant) + IL-18 binding protein<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4eee]], [[4ekx]] - hIL-18 (mutant) + 14L protein<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3wo3]], [[4r6u]] - hIL-18 + IL-18 receptor<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3wo4]] - hIL-18 + IL-18 receptor + IL-18 receptor accessory protein<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-19 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[1n1f]] – hIL-19 | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-20 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[4doh]] - hIL-20 + IL-20 receptor α,β <BR /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-21 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[2oqp]]– hIL-21 – NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3tgx]] - hIL-21 + IL-21 receptor α (mutant) <BR /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-22 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[1ykb]], [[1m4r]] – hIL-22<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3g9v]] - hIL-22 residues 29-179 + IL-22 receptor α2<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3dlq]], [[3dgc]] - hIL-22 residues 29-179 (mutant) + IL-22 receptor α1<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3q1s]] - hIL-22 residues 29-179 (mutant) + antibody<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4o6k]] – IL-22 – zebra fish<BR /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-23 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[3d87]] - hIL-23 α<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3d85]] - hIL-23 α + antibody<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[4grw]] - hIL-23 α + + hIL-12 β + nanobody<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[3duh]] - hIL-23 α + hIL-12 β | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-24 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[6gg1]] - hIL-24<br /> | ||
| - | **[[6df3]] - hIL-24 + IL—22 receptor α1 + IL-20 receptor β<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-28 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[3hhc]] – hIL-28B<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5t5w]] - hIL-28B + IL—10 receptor β + IL-28 receptor α<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-29 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[3og4]], [[3og6]] – hIL-29 + IL-28 receptor α | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-33 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[2kll]] - hIL-33 residues 110-270 - NMR<BR /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-34 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[4dkc]] - hIL-34<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4dkd]] - hIL-34 active core + macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4dke]], [[4dkf]] - hIL-34 active core + antibody<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4exn]] - mIL-34<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4exp]] - mIL-34 active core + macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-36 | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[4ize]] - hIL-36 γ<br /> | ||
| - | **[[6p9e]] - hIL-36 g + antagonist<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *IL-37 | ||
| - | **[[6ncu]], [[5hn1]] - hIL-37<br /> | ||
| - | }} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category: Topic Page]] | [[Category: Topic Page]] | ||
Current revision
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References
- ↑ Dinarello CA. Biology of interleukin 1. FASEB J. 1988 Feb;2(2):108-15. PMID:3277884
- ↑ Schett G, Dayer JM, Manger B. Interleukin-1 function and role in rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016 Jan;12(1):14-24. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.166. Epub 2015, Dec 10. PMID:26656658 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2016.166
- ↑ Pease JE, Sabroe I. The role of interleukin-8 and its receptors in inflammatory lung disease: implications for therapy. Am J Respir Med. 2002;1(1):19-25. PMID:14720072
- ↑ Shah N, Kammermeier J, Elawad M, Glocker EO. Interleukin-10 and interleukin-10-receptor defects in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2012 Oct;12(5):373-9. doi: 10.1007/s11882-012-0286-z. PMID:22890722 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-012-0286-z
- ↑ Iyer SS, Cheng G. Role of interleukin 10 transcriptional regulation in inflammation and autoimmune disease. Crit Rev Immunol. 2012;32(1):23-63. PMID:22428854
- ↑ Eken A, Singh AK, Oukka M. Interleukin 23 in Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014 Mar;20(3):587-95. doi:, 10.1097/01.MIB.0000442014.52661.20. PMID:24481050 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.MIB.0000442014.52661.20
- ↑ Aksentijevich I, Masters SL, Ferguson PJ, Dancey P, Frenkel J, van Royen-Kerkhoff A, Laxer R, Tedgard U, Cowen EW, Pham TH, Booty M, Estes JD, Sandler NG, Plass N, Stone DL, Turner ML, Hill S, Butman JA, Schneider R, Babyn P, El-Shanti HI, Pope E, Barron K, Bing X, Laurence A, Lee CC, Chapelle D, Clarke GI, Ohson K, Nicholson M, Gadina M, Yang B, Korman BD, Gregersen PK, van Hagen PM, Hak AE, Huizing M, Rahman P, Douek DC, Remmers EF, Kastner DL, Goldbach-Mansky R. An autoinflammatory disease with deficiency of the interleukin-1-receptor antagonist. N Engl J Med. 2009 Jun 4;360(23):2426-37. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0807865. PMID:19494218 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0807865
