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| | <StructureSection load='1nm9' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1nm9]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='1nm9' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1nm9]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1nm9]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1NM9 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1NM9 FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1nm9]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1NM9 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1NM9 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AGL:4,6-DIDEOXY-4-AMINO-ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE'>AGL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GLC:ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE'>GLC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HMC:5-HYDROXYMETHYL-CHONDURITOL'>HMC</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.1Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PCA:PYROGLUTAMIC+ACID'>PCA</scene></td></tr>
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AGL:4,6-DIDEOXY-4-AMINO-ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE'>AGL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GLC:ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE'>GLC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HMC:5-HYDROXYMETHYL-CHONDURITOL'>HMC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PCA:PYROGLUTAMIC+ACID'>PCA</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1smd|1smd]], [[1c8q|1c8q]], [[1mfv|1mfv]], [[1jxj|1jxj]], [[1jxk|1jxk]]</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1nm9 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1nm9 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1nm9 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1nm9 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1nm9 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1nm9 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-amylase Alpha-amylase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.2.1.1 3.2.1.1] </span></td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1nm9 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1nm9 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1nm9 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1nm9 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1nm9 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1nm9 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | + | == Function == |
| | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AMY1A_HUMAN AMY1A_HUMAN] Calcium-binding enzyme that initiates starch digestion in the oral cavity (PubMed:12527308). Catalyzes the hydrolysis of internal (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, yielding a mixture of maltose, isomaltose, small amounts of glucose as well as small linear and branched oligosaccharides called dextrins (PubMed:12527308).<ref>PMID:12527308</ref> |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | <jmolCheckbox> | | <jmolCheckbox> |
| | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/nm/1nm9_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/nm/1nm9_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| - | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | + | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
| | </jmolCheckbox> | | </jmolCheckbox> |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Alpha-amylase]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Human]]
| + | |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Mishra, P J]] | + | [[Category: Mishra PJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Ragunath, C]] | + | [[Category: Ragunath C]] |
| - | [[Category: Ramasubbu, N]] | + | [[Category: Ramasubbu N]] |
| - | [[Category: Thomas, L M]] | + | [[Category: Thomas LM]] |
| - | [[Category: C-h... hydrogen bond]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Catalysis]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hydrolase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Tim barrel]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
1nm9 is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Method: | X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.1Å |
| Ligands: | , , , , , |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Function
AMY1A_HUMAN Calcium-binding enzyme that initiates starch digestion in the oral cavity (PubMed:12527308). Catalyzes the hydrolysis of internal (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, yielding a mixture of maltose, isomaltose, small amounts of glucose as well as small linear and branched oligosaccharides called dextrins (PubMed:12527308).[1]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The nonreducing end of the substrate-binding site of human salivary alpha-amylase contains two residues Trp58 and Trp59, which belong to beta2-alpha2 loop of the catalytic (beta/alpha)(8) barrel. While Trp59 stacks onto the substrate, the exact role of Trp58 is unknown. To investigate its role in enzyme activity the residue Trp58 was mutated to Ala, Leu or Tyr. Kinetic analysis of the wild-type and mutant enzymes was carried out with starch and oligosaccharides as substrates. All three mutants exhibited a reduction in specific activity (150-180-fold lower than the wild type) with starch as substrate. With oligosaccharides as substrates, a reduction in k(cat), an increase in K(m) and distinct differences in the cleavage pattern were observed for the mutants W58A and W58L compared with the wild type. Glucose was the smallest product generated by these two mutants in the hydrolysis oligosaccharides; in contrast, wild-type enzyme generated maltose as the smallest product. The production of glucose by W58L was confirmed from both reducing and nonreducing ends of CNP-labeled oligosaccharide substrates. The mutant W58L exhibited lower binding affinity at subsites -2, -3 and +2 and showed an increase in transglycosylation activity compared with the wild type. The lowered affinity at subsites -2 and -3 due to the mutation was also inferred from the electron density at these subsites in the structure of W58A in complex with acarbose-derived pseudooligosaccharide. Collectively, these results suggest that the residue Trp58 plays a critical role in substrate binding and hydrolytic activity of human salivary alpha-amylase.
Human salivary alpha-amylase Trp58 situated at subsite -2 is critical for enzyme activity.,Ramasubbu N, Ragunath C, Mishra PJ, Thomas LM, Gyemant G, Kandra L Eur J Biochem. 2004 Jun;271(12):2517-29. PMID:15182367[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Ramasubbu N, Ragunath C, Mishra PJ. Probing the role of a mobile loop in substrate binding and enzyme activity of human salivary amylase. J Mol Biol. 2003 Jan 31;325(5):1061-76. PMID:12527308
- ↑ Ramasubbu N, Ragunath C, Mishra PJ, Thomas LM, Gyemant G, Kandra L. Human salivary alpha-amylase Trp58 situated at subsite -2 is critical for enzyme activity. Eur J Biochem. 2004 Jun;271(12):2517-29. PMID:15182367 doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04182.x
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