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| | <StructureSection load='6oia' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6oia]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.78Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='6oia' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6oia]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.78Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6oia]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6OIA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6OIA FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6oia]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6OIA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6OIA FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MQ4:(1S)-3-amino-4-[(2S)-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-oxopropan-2-yl]cyclopent-3-ene-1-carboxylic+acid'>MQ4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PLP:PYRIDOXAL-5-PHOSPHATE'>PLP</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.777Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">OAT ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MQ4:(1~{S})-3-azanyl-4-[(2~{S})-1,1,1-tris(fluoranyl)-3-oxidanylidene-propan-2-yl]cyclopent-3-ene-1-carboxylic+acid'>MQ4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PLP:PYRIDOXAL-5-PHOSPHATE'>PLP</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithine_aminotransferase Ornithine aminotransferase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.6.1.13 2.6.1.13] </span></td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6oia FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6oia OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6oia PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6oia RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6oia PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6oia ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6oia FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6oia OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6oia PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6oia RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6oia PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6oia ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/OAT_HUMAN OAT_HUMAN]] Defects in OAT are the cause of hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina (HOGA) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/258870 258870]]. HOGA is a slowly progressive blinding autosomal recessive disorder.<ref>PMID:3375240</ref> <ref>PMID:2793865</ref> <ref>PMID:1612597</ref> <ref>PMID:1737786</ref> <ref>PMID:7887415</ref> <ref>PMID:7668253</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/OAT_HUMAN OAT_HUMAN] Defects in OAT are the cause of hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina (HOGA) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/258870 258870]. HOGA is a slowly progressive blinding autosomal recessive disorder.<ref>PMID:3375240</ref> <ref>PMID:2793865</ref> <ref>PMID:1612597</ref> <ref>PMID:1737786</ref> <ref>PMID:7887415</ref> <ref>PMID:7668253</ref> |
| | + | == Function == |
| | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/OAT_HUMAN OAT_HUMAN] |
| | + | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | + | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
| | + | The inhibition of ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, has been implicated as a treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer, for which there is no effective treatment. From a previous evaluation of our aminotransferase inhibitors, (1S,3S)-3-amino-4-(perfluoropropan-2-ylidene)cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (1) was found to be a selective and potent inactivator of human OAT (hOAT), which inhibited the growth of HCC in athymic mice implanted with human-derived HCC, even at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Currently, investigational new drug (IND)-enabling studies with 1 are underway. The inactivation mechanism of 1, however, has proved to be elusive. Here we propose three possible mechanisms, based on mechanisms of known aminotransferase inactivators: Michael addition, enamine addition, and fluoride ion elimination followed by conjugate addition. On the basis of crystallography and intact protein mass spectrometry, it was determined that 1 inactivates hOAT through fluoride ion elimination to an activated 1,1'-difluoroolefin, followed by conjugate addition and hydrolysis. This result was confirmed with additional studies, including the detection of the cofactor structure by mass spectrometry and through the identification of turnover metabolites. On the basis of this inactivation mechanism and to provide further evidence for the mechanism, analogues of 1 (19, 20) were designed, synthesized, and demonstrated to have the predicted selective inactivation mechanism. These analogues highlight the importance of the trifluoromethyl group and provide a basis for future inactivator design. |
| | + | |
| | + | Mechanism of Inactivation of Ornithine Aminotransferase by (1S,3S)-3-Amino-4-(hexafluoropropan-2-ylidenyl)cyclopentane-1-carboxylic Acid.,Moschitto MJ, Doubleday PF, Catlin DS, Kelleher NL, Liu D, Silverman RB J Am Chem Soc. 2019 Jul 10;141(27):10711-10721. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b03254. Epub, 2019 Jun 28. PMID:31251613<ref>PMID:31251613</ref> |
| | + | |
| | + | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="pdbe-citations 6oia" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Aminotransferase 3D structures|Aminotransferase 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Ornithine aminotransferase]]
| + | [[Category: Catlin DS]] |
| - | [[Category: Catlin, D S]] | + | [[Category: Doubleday PF]] |
| - | [[Category: Doubleday, P F]] | + | [[Category: Kelleher N]] |
| - | [[Category: Kelleher, N]] | + | [[Category: Liu D]] |
| - | [[Category: Liu, D]] | + | [[Category: Moschitto MJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Moschitto, M J]] | + | [[Category: Silverman RB]] |
| - | [[Category: Silverman, R B]] | + | |
| - | [[Category: Transferase]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
OAT_HUMAN Defects in OAT are the cause of hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina (HOGA) [MIM:258870. HOGA is a slowly progressive blinding autosomal recessive disorder.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Function
OAT_HUMAN
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The inhibition of ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, has been implicated as a treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer, for which there is no effective treatment. From a previous evaluation of our aminotransferase inhibitors, (1S,3S)-3-amino-4-(perfluoropropan-2-ylidene)cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (1) was found to be a selective and potent inactivator of human OAT (hOAT), which inhibited the growth of HCC in athymic mice implanted with human-derived HCC, even at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Currently, investigational new drug (IND)-enabling studies with 1 are underway. The inactivation mechanism of 1, however, has proved to be elusive. Here we propose three possible mechanisms, based on mechanisms of known aminotransferase inactivators: Michael addition, enamine addition, and fluoride ion elimination followed by conjugate addition. On the basis of crystallography and intact protein mass spectrometry, it was determined that 1 inactivates hOAT through fluoride ion elimination to an activated 1,1'-difluoroolefin, followed by conjugate addition and hydrolysis. This result was confirmed with additional studies, including the detection of the cofactor structure by mass spectrometry and through the identification of turnover metabolites. On the basis of this inactivation mechanism and to provide further evidence for the mechanism, analogues of 1 (19, 20) were designed, synthesized, and demonstrated to have the predicted selective inactivation mechanism. These analogues highlight the importance of the trifluoromethyl group and provide a basis for future inactivator design.
Mechanism of Inactivation of Ornithine Aminotransferase by (1S,3S)-3-Amino-4-(hexafluoropropan-2-ylidenyl)cyclopentane-1-carboxylic Acid.,Moschitto MJ, Doubleday PF, Catlin DS, Kelleher NL, Liu D, Silverman RB J Am Chem Soc. 2019 Jul 10;141(27):10711-10721. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b03254. Epub, 2019 Jun 28. PMID:31251613[7]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Ramesh V, McClatchey AI, Ramesh N, Benoit LA, Berson EL, Shih VE, Gusella JF. Molecular basis of ornithine aminotransferase deficiency in B-6-responsive and -nonresponsive forms of gyrate atrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(11):3777-80. PMID:3375240
- ↑ Inana G, Chambers C, Hotta Y, Inouye L, Filpula D, Pulford S, Shiono T. Point mutation affecting processing of the ornithine aminotransferase precursor protein in gyrate atrophy. J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 15;264(29):17432-6. PMID:2793865
- ↑ Michaud J, Brody LC, Steel G, Fontaine G, Martin LS, Valle D, Mitchell G. Strand-separating conformational polymorphism analysis: efficacy of detection of point mutations in the human ornithine delta-aminotransferase gene. Genomics. 1992 Jun;13(2):389-94. PMID:1612597
- ↑ Brody LC, Mitchell GA, Obie C, Michaud J, Steel G, Fontaine G, Robert MF, Sipila I, Kaiser-Kupfer M, Valle D. Ornithine delta-aminotransferase mutations in gyrate atrophy. Allelic heterogeneity and functional consequences. J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 15;267(5):3302-7. PMID:1737786
- ↑ Michaud J, Thompson GN, Brody LC, Steel G, Obie C, Fontaine G, Schappert K, Keith CG, Valle D, Mitchell GA. Pyridoxine-responsive gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina: clinical and biochemical correlates of the mutation A226V. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Mar;56(3):616-22. PMID:7887415
- ↑ Kobayashi T, Ogawa H, Kasahara M, Shiozawa Z, Matsuzawa T. A single amino acid substitution within the mature sequence of ornithine aminotransferase obstructs mitochondrial entry of the precursor. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Aug;57(2):284-91. PMID:7668253
- ↑ Moschitto MJ, Doubleday PF, Catlin DS, Kelleher NL, Liu D, Silverman RB. Mechanism of Inactivation of Ornithine Aminotransferase by (1S,3S)-3-Amino-4-(hexafluoropropan-2-ylidenyl)cyclopentane-1-carboxylic Acid. J Am Chem Soc. 2019 Jul 10;141(27):10711-10721. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b03254. Epub, 2019 Jun 28. PMID:31251613 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b03254
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