6vvo

Structural highlights

Disease

[RFC2_HUMAN] Williams syndrome. RFC2 is located in the Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) critical region. WBS results from a hemizygous deletion of several genes on chromosome 7q11.23, thought to arise as a consequence of unequal crossing over between highly homologous low-copy repeat sequences flanking the deleted region (PubMed:11003705).^[1]

Function

[PCNA_HUMAN] Auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand. Induces a robust stimulatory effect on the 3'-5' exonuclease and 3'-phosphodiesterase, but not apurinic-apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APEX2 activities. Has to be loaded onto DNA in order to be able to stimulate APEX2. Plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) by being conveniently positioned at the replication fork to coordinate DNA replication with DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance pathways. Acts as a loading platform to recruit DDR proteins that allow completion of DNA replication after DNA damage and promote postreplication repair: Monoubiquitinated PCNA leads to recruitment of translesion (TLS) polymerases, while 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of PCNA is involved in error-free pathway and employs recombination mechanisms to synthesize across the lesion.^{[2] [3]} [RFC4_HUMAN] The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and activator 1. This subunit may be involved in the elongation of the multiprimed DNA template. [RFC1_HUMAN] The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins PCNA and activator 1. This subunit binds to the primer-template junction. Binds the PO-B transcription element as well as other GA rich DNA sequences. Could play a role in DNA transcription regulation as well as DNA replication and/or repair. Can bind single- or double-stranded DNA.^[4] Interacts with C-terminus of PCNA. 5' phosphate residue is required for binding of the N-terminal DNA-binding domain to duplex DNA, suggesting a role in recognition of non-primer template DNA structures during replication and/or repair.^[5] [RFC5_HUMAN] The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and activator 1.^[6] [RFC2_HUMAN] The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and activator 1. This subunit binds ATP (By similarity). [RFC3_HUMAN] The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and activator 1.

References

1. ↑ Martindale DW, Wilson MD, Wang D, Burke RD, Chen X, Duronio V, Koop BF. Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the Williams syndrome region (LIMK1-RFC2) of human chromosome 7q11.23. Mamm Genome. 2000 Oct;11(10):890-8. PMID:11003705
2. ↑ Burkovics P, Hajdu I, Szukacsov V, Unk I, Haracska L. Role of PCNA-dependent stimulation of 3'-phosphodiesterase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities of human Ape2 in repair of oxidative DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jul;37(13):4247-55. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp357. Epub 2009, May 13. PMID:19443450 doi:10.1093/nar/gkp357
3. ↑ Motegi A, Liaw HJ, Lee KY, Roest HP, Maas A, Wu X, Moinova H, Markowitz SD, Ding H, Hoeijmakers JH, Myung K. Polyubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen by HLTF and SHPRH prevents genomic instability from stalled replication forks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 26;105(34):12411-6. Epub 2008 Aug 21. PMID:18719106 doi:0805685105
4. ↑ Mossi R, Jonsson ZO, Allen BL, Hardin SH, Hubscher U. Replication factor C interacts with the C-terminal side of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 17;272(3):1769-76. PMID:8999859
5. ↑ Mossi R, Jonsson ZO, Allen BL, Hardin SH, Hubscher U. Replication factor C interacts with the C-terminal side of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 17;272(3):1769-76. PMID:8999859
6. ↑ Mossi R, Jonsson ZO, Allen BL, Hardin SH, Hubscher U. Replication factor C interacts with the C-terminal side of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 17;272(3):1769-76. PMID:8999859