CTLA-4

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==Your Heading Here (maybe something like 'Structure')==
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<StructureSection load='1i8l' size='340' side='right' caption='Human glycosylated CTLA-4 extracellular domain (deepskyblue) complex with CD80 (green) (PDB code [[1i8l]])' scene='83/836584/Cv/1'>
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<StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''>
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'''CTLA-4'''. Click above on '''edit this page''' ; and &gt; signs.
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== Function ==
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'''CTLA4''' or '''Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated protein 4''' or '''CD152''' is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed by activated T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. CTLA4 is homologous to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein, CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80 and CD86, also called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively, on antigen-presenting cells<ref>PMID:32185705</ref>. CTLA-4 binds CD80 and CD86 with greater affinity and avidity than CD28 thus enabling it to outcompete CD28 for its ligands. CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells,[10][11][12][7] whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal.[13][14] CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and contributes to their inhibitory function. T cell activation through the T cell receptor and CD28 leads to increased expression of CTLA-4.
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== Function ==CTLA4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed by activated T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. CTLA4 is homologous to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein, CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80 and CD86, also called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively, on antigen-presenting cells. CTLA-4 binds CD80 and CD86 with greater affinity and avidity than CD28 thus enabling it to outcompete CD28 for its ligands. CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells,[10][11][12][7] whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal.[13][14] CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and contributes to their inhibitory function. T cell activation through the T cell receptor and CD28 leads to increased expression of CTLA-4.
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See also [[CTLA4 Gene (Protein Coding) Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4]].
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== Disease ==Variants in this gene have been associated with Type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, primary biliary cirrhosis and other autoimmune diseases.
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== Disease ==
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== Structural highlights ==The protein contains an extracellular V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Alternate splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The membrane-bound isoform functions as a homodimer interconnected by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform functions as a monomer. The intracellular domain is similar to that of CD28,
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Variants in this gene have been associated with Type 1 diabetes<ref>PMID:10671941</ref>, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis<ref>PMID:12914522</ref>, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, primary biliary cirrhosis and other autoimmune diseases.
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This is a sample scene created with SAT to <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">color</scene> by Group, and another to make <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">a transparent representation</scene> of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.
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== Structural highlights ==
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</StructureSection>
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The protein contains an extracellular V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Alternate splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The membrane-bound isoform functions as a homodimer interconnected by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform functions as a monomer. The intracellular domain is similar to that of CD28. <scene name='83/836584/Cv/2'>The complex between CTLA-4 and CD80 is formed mostly by hydrophobic contacts</scene><ref>PMID:11279502</ref>. CTLA-4 residues are shown in ball-and-stick representation, while CD80 residues are in spacefill.
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== References ==https://www.wikiwand.com/en/CTLA-4
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==3D structures of CTLA-4==
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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[[2x44]], [[3osk]] - hCTLA-4 - human <br />
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[[1ah1]] - hCTLA-4 - NMR<br />
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[[5ggv]], [[5tru]], [[5xj3]], [[6rp8]], [[6xy2]], [[7dv4]], [[7elx]], [[7su0]], [[7su1]], [[8hit]], [[9dq3]] - hCTLA-4 + antibody <br />
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[[6rpj]], [[6rqm]] - hCTLA-4 + nanobody <br />
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[[1i8l]] - hCTLA-4 + CD80<br />
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[[1i85]] - hCTLA-4 + CD86<br />
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[[3bx7]] - hCTLA-4 + LCN2<br />
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[[7cio]] - hCTLA-4 + PI3K<br />
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[[4kkn]] - CTLA-4 - bovine<br />
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[[1dqt]], [[5e56]] - mCTLA-4 - mouse<br />
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[[5e5m]] - mCTLA-4 + nanobody <br />
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[[9dq4]], [[9dq5]] - mCTLA-4 + antibody <br />
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== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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[[Category:Topic Page]]
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References https://www.wikiwand.com/en/CTLA-4

Current revision

Human glycosylated CTLA-4 extracellular domain (deepskyblue) complex with CD80 (green) (PDB code 1i8l)

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Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Supriya Pal Sharma, Alexander Berchansky

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