Transducin

 

'''Transducin''' (TDN) or '''Heterotrimeric G protein''' or '''Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G''' is a <scene name='59/590984/Cv/5'>heterotrimeric G protein containing 3 chains: α, β and γ</scene> which are organized in two subunits: α and βγ<ref>PMID:2534964</ref>. TDN is involved in phototransduction. The absorption of a photon by retinal causes a change in the conformation of rhodopsin into metarhodopsin II. The latter causes activation of TDN. Upon TDN activation the <scene name='59/590984/Cv/6'>GDP bound to its α subunit</scene> is exchanged for the GTP from the cytoplasm. Deactivation of TDN occurs when the GTP bound to the α subunit is hydrolyzed to GDP. Phosducin binds to the βγ subunit of TDN preventing its re-association with the α subunit.

==3D structures of transducin==

Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}

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*Transducin-α

**[[1tnd]] – bTDN + GTPγS - bovine<br />

**[[1tag]] – bTDN + GDP<br />

**[[3v00]] – b/ratTDN + GDP<br />

**[[1tad]] – bTDN + GDP + AlF4<br />

**[[1fqk]] – bTDN + RGS9 + GDP + AlF4<br />

**[[1fqj]] – bTDN + RGS9 + GMP-PDE γ + GDP + AlF4<br />

*Transducin-β

**[[6n9g]] – TDN + RGS7 - mouse<br />

*Transducin-βγ

**[[5he0]], [[5he1]], [[5he2]], [[5he3]], [[5ukk]], [[5ukl]], [[5ukm]] – hTDN + β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 + inhibitor<br />

**[[4kfm]] – hTDN + G-protein activated inward rectifier K+ channel<br />

**[[6m8s]] – hTDN + KCTD12<br />

**[[6nbi]], [[6nbh]], [[6nbf]] – hTDN + PTH/PTHRP + long-acting parathyroid hormone + GS protein a subunit + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />

**[[4pnk]] – h/bTDN + bγ (mutant)+ β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 + inhibitor<br />

**[[1tbg]] – bTDN <br />

**[[2trc]], [[1a0r]], [[1b9x]], [[1b9y]] – bTDN + phosducin<br />

**[[1omw]], [[3cik]] – bTDN + G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2<br />

**[[3v5w]] – bTDN (mutant) + G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2<br />

**[[3psc]], [[3pvu]], [[3pvw]], [[4mk0]] – bTDN + β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1<br />

**[[2bcj]] – bTDN (mutant) + β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1<br />

**[[3uzs]] – bTDN + β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 + RNA<br />

**[[3krw]], [[3krx]], [[6c2y]], [[5wg5]], [[5wg4]], [[5wg3]] – bTDN + G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 + inhibitor<br />

**[[1xhm]] – bTDN + peptide<br />

**[[6pcv]] – bTDN + RAC exchanger – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6b20]] – bTDN + nanobody<br />

*Transducin-α+βγ

**[[6eg8]] – hTDN + GDP<br />

**[[6ddf]], [[6dde]] – hTDN + mu opioid receptor + DAMGO – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6d9h]] – hTDN + AChR/adenosine receptor – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6p9x]] – hTDN + CRFR-1 + corticliberin – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6osa]] – hTDN + NTR1 + JMV449 – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6g79]] – hTDN + serotonin receptor – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6oy9]] – bTDN + rhodopsin + retinal – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6oya]] – bTDN + antibody + rhodopsin + retinal – Cryo EM<br />

**[[1got]] – bTDN + GDP<br />

**[[1gp2]], [[5kdo]], [[1gg2]] – r/bTDN + GDP - rat<br />

**[[3ah8]] – r/bTDN (mutant) + GDP + inhibitor<br />

**[[5tdh]] – h/r/bTDN (mutant) + GDP<br />

*Transducin-α+βγ complex with antibody

**[[6pt0]], [[6n4b]], [[6kpg]], [[6kpf]] – hTDN + cannaboid receptor + antibody fragment – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6pb1]], [[6pb0]] – hTDN + CRFR-2 + urocortin + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6os9]] – hTDN + NTR1 + JMV449 + antibody fragment – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6oik]], [[6oij]] – hTDN + AChR + antibody fragment – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6crk]] – hTDN + antibody fragment <br />

**[[6niy]], [[6e3y]] – hTDN + calcitonin receptor + calcitonin + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />

**[[5uz7]] – hTDN + calcitonin receptor + antibody fragment - Cryo EM<br />

**[[6ni3]] – hTDN + endolysin/adrenergic receptor + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6omm]] – hTDN + formyl peptide receptor + peptide agonist + antibody fragment – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6p9y]] – hTDN + PACAP + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6li3]] – hTDN + GPR52 + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6gdg]] – hTDN + adenosine A2A receptor + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6b3j]] – hTDN + GLP-1R + exendin-p5 + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6ot0]] – hTDN + antibody + smoothened homolog – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6cmo]] – hTDN + antibody + rhodopsin/cytochrome b562 – Cryo EM<br />

**[[6qno]] – h/bTDN + antibody + rhodopsin + retinal – Cryo EM<br />

**[[5vai]] – h/r/bTDN + glucagon-like peptide + antibody fragment - Cryo EM<br />

**[[3sn6]] – TDN ba (mutant) + rb (mutant) + bc + endolysine + antibody fragment<br />

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