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Spike protein

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<StructureSection load='5xlr' size='340' side='right' caption='Human SARS coronavirus trimer (PDB code [[5xlr]])' scene=''>
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<StructureSection load='3kbh' size='340' side='right' caption='Human coronavirus NL63 spike glycoprotein (magenta) complex with its ligand ACE2 (green) (PDB code [[3kbh]])' scene='84/840522/Cv/2'>
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10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.
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== Function ==
== Function ==
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The coronavirus '''spike protein''' (Spi, also called ''protein S'') binds the virus to its host cell via the cell's receptor: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The trimeric 2019-nCoV Spi binds to ACE2 at least 10 times more tightly than SARS coronavirus <ref>PMID:32075877</ref>. See also
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*[[Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme#ACEII and SARS|ACEII and SARS]]<br />
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*[[SARS-CoV-2 protein S]]<br />
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*[[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations]]<br />
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*[[Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)]]<br />
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* and the animation at [[SARS-CoV-2 protein S priming by furin]] and [[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fusion transformation]]
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
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Numerous viral diseases are causing world-shattering consequences and the current pandemic of CoVID-2019 is the recent one.
== Relevance ==
== Relevance ==
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The spike protein is a key target for potential therapies and diagnostics. Various antibodies are currently being tested as potential CoVID-2019 antiviral treatment<ref>PMID:32065055</ref>.
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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</StructureSection>
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The SARS-CoV Spi receptor binding domain complex with its cellular receptor - ACE2 - shows the <scene name='84/840522/Cv/3'>interactions</scene> to ACE2 "hot spot"<ref>PMID:19901337</ref>.
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== See Also ==
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*[[SARS-CoV-2 protein S]]
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*[[SARS-CoV-2 protein S priming by furin]] where the priming step induced by furin cleavage is '''animated'''.
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*[[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fusion transformation]] with an '''animation''' and explanation of the membrane fusion mechanism.
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*[[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations]]
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*[[Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)]]
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*[[User:Andre Wu Le Chun/Sandbox 1|Prefusion 2019-nCoV spike glycoprotein with a single receptor-binding domain up]] about [[6vsb]]
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*[[Spike Protein (Hebrew)]]
== 3D Structures of spike protein ==
== 3D Structures of spike protein ==
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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[[Spike protein 3D structures]]
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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* Human virus spike protein
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**[[5wrg]], [[5xlr]] – hscvSpi – human SARS-CoV – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[6crv]], [[6crw]], [[6crx]], [[6crz]], [[6cs0]], [[6cs1]] – hscvSpi (mutant) – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[1wnc]] – hscvSpi fusion core 900-1184<br />
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**[[2ghv]] – hscvSpi RBD 318-510<br />
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**[[1wyy]] – hscvSpi 885-1189<br />
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**[[1zv7]], [[1zv8]], [[1zva]], [[1zvb]] – hscvSpi 1150-1193<br />
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**[[6u7h]] – hcv229Spi – human coronavirus 229E – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[5x58]], [[5x5b]] – Spi – human SARS coronavirus BJ01 – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[6lxt]] – CV19Spi HR1+HR2 domains 910-988, 1162-1206 – CoVid-19 <br />
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**[[6vsb]], [[6vxx]], [[6vyb]] – hsc2Spi – human SARS coronavirus 2 – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[5szs]] – hcnSpi – human coronavirus NL63 - Cryo EM<br />
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**[[2ieq]] – hcnSpi residues 981-1038, 1242-1283 <br />
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**[[6cv0]] – Spi – infectious bronchitis coronavirus – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[5fyn]] – Spi ectodomain - puumala virus - Cryo EM<br />
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**[[5x59]], [[5x5c]], [[5x5f]] – McvSpi – MERS coronavirus virus – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[5x4r]], [[5x4s]] – McvSpi N-terminal – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[4zpw]], [[4kqz]] – McvSpi RBD<br />
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* Human virus spike protein complex
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**[[2ajf]] – hscvSpi RBD + ACEH<br />
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**[[2ghw]], [[3bgf]], [[2dd8]] – hscvSpi RBD + antibody<br />
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**[[6lzg]] – hscvSpi RBD + ACE2<br />
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**[[6acg]], [[6acj]], [[6ack]], [[6cs2]] – hscvSpi + ACE2 - Cryo EM<br />
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**[[6atk]] – hcv229Spi RBD + aminopeptidase <br />
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**[[6m0j]], [[3d0g]], [[3d0h]], [[3d0i]], [[3sci]], [[3scj]], [[3sck]], [[3scl]] – hsc2Spi RBD + ACE2<br />
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**[[4kr0]] – McvSpi RBD + CD26<br />
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**[[6pz8]], [[5w9h]], [[5w9i]], [[5w9j]], [[5w9k]] – McvSpi + antibody – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[6j11]] – McvSpi N-terminal + antibody<br />
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**[[5yy5]], [[5zxv]] – McvSpi RBD + antibody<br />
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*Non-human virus spike protein
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**[[4h14]] – Spi lectin domain 7-290 - bovine coronavirus<br />
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**[[6b7n]], [[6bfu]] – Spi – porcine delta coronavirus – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[6u7k]], [[6vv5]] – Spi – porcine epidemic diarrhea virus – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[6qfy]] – Spi lectin domain 15-300 - porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus<br />>
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**[[6jhy]] – Spi N-terminal – camel coronavirus HKU23<br />
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**[[6jx7]] – Spi – feline infectious peritonitis virus – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[1wdf]], [[1wdg]] – mhvSpi – murine hepatitis virus<br />
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**[[3jcl]] – mhvSpi – Cryo EM<br />
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**[[6b3o]] – mcvSpi residues 718-1252 - murine coronavirus - Cryo EM<br />
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**[[5gyq]] – bcvSpi RBD - bat coronavirus<br />
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**[[5xgr]] – bcvSpi C-terminal<br />
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**[[6orj]] – Spi - Pseudomonas virus phikz164i<br />
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**[[2vvd]], [[2vve]] – Spi RBD - Pseudoalteromonas phage PM2<br />
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**[[3aqj]] – Spi 87-211 - Enterobacteria phage P2<br />
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*Non-human virus spike protein complex
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**[[4fsc]] – Spi RBD + aminopeptidase – porcine respiratory coronavirus <br />
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**[[6vsj]] – mcvSpi + MHV-R - Cryo EM<br />
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}}
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== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Human coronavirus NL63 spike glycoprotein (magenta) complex with its ligand ACE2 (green) (PDB code 3kbh)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Eric Martz, Joel L. Sussman

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