5dis

Structural highlights

Function

XPO1_HUMAN Mediates the nuclear export of cellular proteins (cargos) bearing a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) and of RNAs. In the nucleus, in association with RANBP3, binds cooperatively to the NES on its target protein and to the GTPase RAN in its active GTP-bound form (Ran-GTP). Docking of this complex to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is mediated through binding to nucleoporins. Upon transit of a nuclear export complex into the cytoplasm, disassembling of the complex and hydrolysis of Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP (induced by RANBP1 and RANGAP1, respectively) cause release of the cargo from the export receptor. The directionality of nuclear export is thought to be conferred by an asymmetric distribution of the GTP- and GDP-bound forms of Ran between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Involved in U3 snoRNA transport from Cajal bodies to nucleoli. Binds to late precursor U3 snoRNA bearing a TMG cap. Several viruses, among them HIV-1, HTLV-1 and influenza A use it to export their unspliced or incompletely spliced RNAs out of the nucleus. Interacts with, and mediates the nuclear export of HIV-1 Rev and HTLV-1 Rex proteins. Involved in HTLV-1 Rex multimerization.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]}

See Also

• Exportin 3D structures
• GTP-binding protein 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Fornerod M, Ohno M, Yoshida M, Mattaj IW. CRM1 is an export receptor for leucine-rich nuclear export signals. Cell. 1997 Sep 19;90(6):1051-60. PMID:9323133
2. ↑ Ossareh-Nazari B, Bachelerie F, Dargemont C. Evidence for a role of CRM1 in signal-mediated nuclear protein export. Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):141-4. PMID:9311922
3. ↑ Askjaer P, Jensen TH, Nilsson J, Englmeier L, Kjems J. The specificity of the CRM1-Rev nuclear export signal interaction is mediated by RanGTP. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 11;273(50):33414-22. PMID:9837918
4. ↑ Hakata Y, Yamada M, Shida H. A multifunctional domain in human CRM1 (exportin 1) mediates RanBP3 binding and multimerization of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Rex protein. Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Dec;23(23):8751-61. PMID:14612415
5. ↑ Boulon S, Verheggen C, Jady BE, Girard C, Pescia C, Paul C, Ospina JK, Kiss T, Matera AG, Bordonne R, Bertrand E. PHAX and CRM1 are required sequentially to transport U3 snoRNA to nucleoli. Mol Cell. 2004 Dec 3;16(5):777-87. PMID:15574332 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.11.013
6. ↑ Fei E, Ma X, Zhu C, Xue T, Yan J, Xu Y, Zhou J, Wang G. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of dysbindin-1, a schizophrenia-related protein, regulates synapsin I expression. J Biol Chem. 2010 Dec 3;285(49):38630-40. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.107912. Epub 2010, Oct 4. PMID:20921223 doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.107912
7. ↑ Port SA, Monecke T, Dickmanns A, Spillner C, Hofele R, Urlaub H, Ficner R, Kehlenbach RH. Structural and Functional Characterization of CRM1-Nup214 Interactions Reveals Multiple FG-Binding Sites Involved in Nuclear Export. Cell Rep. 2015 Oct 27;13(4):690-702. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.042. Epub 2015, Oct 17. PMID:26489467 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.042