Spike protein

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== Function ==
== Function ==
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The coronavirus '''spike protein''' (Spi, also called ''protein S'') binds the virus to its host cell via the cell's receptor: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The trimeric 2019-nCoV Spi binds to ACE2 at least 10 times more tightly than SARS coronavirus <ref>PMID:32075877</ref>. See also [[Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme#ACEII and SARS|ACEII and SARS]], and the animation at [[SARS-CoV-2 protein S priming by furin]].
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The coronavirus '''spike protein''' (Spi, also called ''protein S'') binds the virus to its host cell via the cell's receptor: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The trimeric 2019-nCoV Spi binds to ACE2 at least 10 times more tightly than SARS coronavirus <ref>PMID:32075877</ref>. See also
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*[[Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme#ACEII and SARS|ACEII and SARS]]<br />
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*[[SARS-CoV-2 protein S]]<br />
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*[[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations]]<br />
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*[[Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)]]<br />
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* and the animation at [[SARS-CoV-2 protein S priming by furin]] and [[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fusion transformation]]
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
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The SARS-CoV Spi receptor binding domain complex with its cellular receptor - ACE2 - shows the <scene name='84/840522/Cv/3'>interactions</scene> to ACE2 "hot spot"<ref>PMID:19901337</ref>.
The SARS-CoV Spi receptor binding domain complex with its cellular receptor - ACE2 - shows the <scene name='84/840522/Cv/3'>interactions</scene> to ACE2 "hot spot"<ref>PMID:19901337</ref>.
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</StructureSection>
 
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== See Also ==
== See Also ==
*[[SARS-CoV-2 protein S]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 protein S]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 protein S priming by furin]] where the priming step induced by furin cleavage is '''animated'''.
*[[SARS-CoV-2 protein S priming by furin]] where the priming step induced by furin cleavage is '''animated'''.
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*[[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fusion transformation]] with an '''animation''' and explanation of the membrane fusion mechanism.
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*[[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations]]
*[[Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)]]
*[[Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)]]
*[[User:Andre Wu Le Chun/Sandbox 1|Prefusion 2019-nCoV spike glycoprotein with a single receptor-binding domain up]] about [[6vsb]]
*[[User:Andre Wu Le Chun/Sandbox 1|Prefusion 2019-nCoV spike glycoprotein with a single receptor-binding domain up]] about [[6vsb]]
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*[[Spike Protein (Hebrew)]]
== 3D Structures of spike protein ==
== 3D Structures of spike protein ==
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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[[Spike protein 3D structures]]
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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* Human virus spike protein; Domain Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) 318-510; HR1 910-1054; HR2 1162-1286
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**[[5wrg]], [[5xlr]], [[6acc]], [[6acd]] – hscvSpi – human SARS-CoV – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[6crv]], [[6crw]], [[6crx]], [[6crz]], [[6cs0]], [[6cs1]] – hscvSpi (mutant) – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[1wnc]] – hscvSpi HR1 motif <br />
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**[[2fxp]] – hscvSpi HR2 motif - NMR<br />
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**[[2ghv]] – hscvSpi RBD<br />
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**[[5xjk]] – hscvSpi 758-821 - NMR<br />
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**[[1wyy]] – hscvSpi 885-1189<br />
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**[[1zv7]], [[1zv8]], [[1zva]], [[1zvb]] – hscvSpi 1150-1193<br />
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**[[6u7h]] – hcv229Spi – human coronavirus 229E – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[5zuv]], [[5zvm]] – hcv229Spi HR1 motif 785-873 <br />
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**[[5yl9]], [[5zhy]] – hcv229Spi HR1+HR2 motifs<br />
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**[[5x58]], [[5x5b]] – Spi – human SARS coronavirus BJ01 – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[6vsb]], [[6vxx]], [[6vyb]] – hsc2Spi – human SARS coronavirus 2 – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[6lxt]] – hscSpi HR1+HR2 motifs<br />
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**[[5szs]] – hcnSpi – human coronavirus NL63 - Cryo EM<br />
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**[[2ieq]] – hcnSpi HR1+HR2 motifs <br />
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**[[5gnb]], [[5kwb]] – Spi RBD - human beta coronavirus<br />
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**[[6cv0]] – Spi – infectious bronchitis coronavirus – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[5fyn]] – Spi ectodomain - puumala virus - Cryo EM<br />
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**[[5x59]], [[5x5c]], [[5x5f]], [[6q04]], [[6q05]], [[6q06]], [[6q07]] – McvSpi – MERS coronavirus virus – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[5x4r]], [[5x4s]] – McvSpi N-terminal – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[5vyh]] – McvSpi N-terminal<br />
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**[[4zpw]], [[4kqz]] – McvSpi RBD<br />
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**[[4mod]] – McvSpi HR1+HR2 motifs <br />
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**[[2lcz]], [[2lcy]] - ZevSpi fusion loop 507-560 - Zaire ebolavirus - NMR<br />
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**[[2m5f]], [[2mb1]] - ZevSpi fusion loop (mutant) - NMR<br />
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* Human virus spike protein complex
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**[[2ajf]] – hscvSpi RBD + ACEH<br />
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**[[6nb6]], [[6nb7]] – hscvSpi + antibody - Cryo EM<br />
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**[[2ghw]], [[3bgf]], [[2dd8]] – hscvSpi RBD + antibody<br />
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**[[6lzg]] – hscvSpi RBD + ACE2<br />
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**[[6acg]], [[6acj]], [[6ack]], [[6cs2]] – hscvSpi + ACE2 - Cryo EM<br />
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**[[6atk]], [[6u7f]], [[6u7g]], [[6u7e]] – hcv229Spi RBD + aminopeptidase <br />
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**[[6m0j]], [[3d0g]], [[3d0h]], [[3d0i]], [[3sci]], [[3scj]], [[3sck]], [[3scl]] – hsc2Spi RBD + ACE2<br />
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**[[5w41]] – hsc2Spi RBD + antibody<br />
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**[[3kbh]] – hcnSpi RBD + ACE2<br />
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**[[4kr0]] – McvSpi RBD + CD26<br />
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**[[6pz8]], [[5w9h]], [[5w9i]], [[5w9j]], [[5w9k]], [[5w9l]], [[5w9m]], [[5w9n]], [[5w9o]], [[5w9p]] – McvSpi + antibody – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[6j11]] – McvSpi N-terminal + antibody<br />
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**[[5yy5]], [[5zxv]], [[4zpt]], [[4zpv]], [[5do2]], [[6c6y]], [[6c6z]], [[4xak]], [[5gmq]] – McvSpi RBD + antibody<br />
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**[[4l72]] – McvSpi RBD + DPP4<br />
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**[[5zvk]] – McvSpi HR1 motif 984-1062 + peptide inhibitor<br />
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**[[6pci]], [[6qd8]] – ZevSpi + antibody – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[6uye]] – ZevSpi + SGP – Cryo EM <br />
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* Non-human virus spike protein
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**[[4h14]] – Spi lectin domain 7-290 - bovine coronavirus<br />
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**[[6b7n]], [[6bfu]] – Spi – porcine delta coronavirus – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[6u7k]], [[6vv5]] – Spi – porcine epidemic diarrhea virus – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[6qfy]] – Spi lectin domain 15-300 - porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus<br />>
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**[[6jhy]] – Spi N-terminal – camel coronavirus HKU23<br />
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**[[6jx7]] – Spi – feline infectious peritonitis virus – Cryo EM <br />
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**[[1wdf]], [[1wdg]] – mhvSpi – murine hepatitis virus<br />
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**[[3jcl]] – mhvSpi – Cryo EM<br />
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**[[6b3o]] – mcvSpi residues 718-1252 - murine coronavirus - Cryo EM<br />
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**[[5gyq]] – bcvSpi RBD - bat coronavirus<br />
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**[[5xgr]] – bcvSpi C-terminal<br />
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**[[6orj]] – Spi - Pseudomonas virus phikz164i<br />
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**[[2vvd]], [[2vve]] – Spi RBD - Pseudoalteromonas phage PM2<br />
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**[[3aqj]] – Spi 87-211 - Enterobacteria phage P2<br />
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* Non-human virus spike protein complex
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**[[4fsc]] – Spi RBD + aminopeptidase – porcine respiratory coronavirus <br />
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**[[6vsj]] – mcvSpi + MHV-R - Cryo EM<br />
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**[[4qzv]] – bcvSpi RBD + DPP4<br />
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}}
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== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Human coronavirus NL63 spike glycoprotein (magenta) complex with its ligand ACE2 (green) (PDB code 3kbh)

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Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Eric Martz, Joel L. Sussman

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