6w2a

<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6w2a]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hcov-sars Hcov-sars]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6W2A OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6W2A FirstGlance]. <br>

</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=QYS:(1S,2S)-2-[(N-{[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}-L-leucyl)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propane-1-sulfonic+acid'>QYS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=VDJ:[4,4-bis(fluoranyl)cyclohexyl]methyl+~{N}-[(2~{S})-1-[[(1~{R},2~{S})-1-[bis(oxidanyl)-oxidanylidene-$l^{5}-sulfanyl]-1-oxidanyl-3-[(3~{S})-2-oxidanylidenepyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxidanylidene-pentan-2-yl]carbamate'>VDJ</scene></td></tr>

<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">1a ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=694009 HCoV-SARS])</td></tr>

<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6w2a FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6w2a OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6w2a PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6w2a RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6w2a PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6w2a ProSAT]</span></td></tr>

== Function ==

[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/R1A_CVHSA R1A_CVHSA]] The papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO) is responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of replicase polyprotein. In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates. Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF-3.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> The main proteinase 3CL-PRO is responsible for the majority of cleavages as it cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites. Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN]. Inhibited by the substrate-analog Cbz-Val-Asn-Ser-Thr-Leu-Gln-CMK (By similarity). Also contains an ADP-ribose-1''-phosphate (ADRP)-binding function.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> Nsp7-nsp8 hexadecamer may possibly confer processivity to the polymerase, maybe by binding to dsRNA or by producing primers utilized by the latter.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> Nsp9 is a ssRNA-binding protein.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref>

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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==

Pathogenic coronaviruses are a major threat to global public health, as exemplified by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe herein the structure-guided optimization of a series of inhibitors of the coronavirus 3C-like protease (3CLpro), an enzyme essential for viral replication. The optimized compounds were effective against several human coronaviruses including MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in an enzyme assay and in cell-based assays using Huh-7 and Vero E6 cell lines. Two selected compounds showed antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 in cultured primary human airway epithelial cells. In a mouse model of MERS-CoV infection, administration of a lead compound one day after virus infection increased survival from 0 to 100% and reduced lung viral titers and lung histopathology. These results suggest that this series of compounds has the potential to be developed further as antiviral drugs against human coronaviruses.

 

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== References ==

[[Category: Hcov-sars]]

[[Category: Battaile, K P]]

[[Category: Chang, K O]]

[[Category: Groutas, W C]]

[[Category: Kashipathy, M M]]

[[Category: Kim, Y]]

[[Category: Lovell, S]]

[[Category: Nguyen, H N]]

[[Category: Rathnayake, A D]]

[[Category: Zheng, J]]

[[Category: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus]]