1bx4

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[[Image:1bx4.gif|left|200px]]<br />
 
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<applet load="1bx4" size="450" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true"
 
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caption="1bx4, resolution 1.50&Aring;" />
 
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'''STRUCTURE OF HUMAN ADENOSINE KINASE AT 1.50 ANGSTROMS'''<br />
 
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==Overview==
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==STRUCTURE OF HUMAN ADENOSINE KINASE AT 1.50 ANGSTROMS==
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Adenosine kinase (AK) is a key enzyme in the regulation of extracellular, adenosine and intracellular adenylate levels. Inhibitors of adenosine, kinase elevate adenosine to levels that activate nearby adenosine, receptors and produce a wide variety of therapeutically beneficial, activities. Accordingly, AK is a promising target for new analgesic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective agents. We determined the structure, of human adenosine kinase by X-ray crystallography using MAD phasing, techniques and refined the structure to 1.5 A resolution. The enzyme, structure consisted of one large alpha/beta domain with nine beta-strands, eight alpha-helices, and one small alpha/beta-domain with five, beta-strands and two alpha-helices. The active site is formed along the, edge of the beta-sheet in the large domain while the small domain acts as, a lid to cover the upper face of the active site. The overall structure is, similar to the recently reported structure of ribokinase from Escherichia, coli [Sigrell et al. (1998) Structure 6, 183-193]. The structure of, ribokinase was determined at 1.8 A resolution and represents the first, structure of a new family of carbohydrate kinases. Two molecules of, adenosine were present in the AK crystal structure with one adenosine, molecule located in a site that matches the ribose site in ribokinase and, probably represents the substrate-binding site. The second adenosine site, overlaps the ADP site in ribokinase and probably represents the ATP site., A Mg2+ ion binding site is observed in a trough between the two adenosine, sites. The structure of the active site is consistent with the observed, substrate specificity. The active-site model suggests that Asp300 is an, important catalytic residue involved in the deprotonation of the, 5'-hydroxyl during the phosphate transfer.
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<StructureSection load='1bx4' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1bx4]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.50&Aring;' scene=''>
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== Structural highlights ==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1bx4]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1BX4 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1BX4 FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.5&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ADN:ADENOSINE'>ADN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1bx4 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1bx4 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1bx4 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1bx4 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1bx4 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1bx4 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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== Disease ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ADK_HUMAN ADK_HUMAN] Defects in ADK are the cause of hypermethioninemia due to adenosine kinase deficiency (HMAKD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/614300 614300]. A metabolic disorder characterized by global developmental delay, early-onset seizures, mild dysmorphic features, and characteristic biochemical anomalies, including persistent hypermethioninemia with increased levels of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine. Homocysteine levels are typically normal.<ref>PMID:21963049</ref>
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== Function ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ADK_HUMAN ADK_HUMAN] ATP dependent phosphorylation of adenosine and other related nucleoside analogs to monophosphate derivatives. Serves as a potential regulator of concentrations of extracellular adenosine and intracellular adenine nucleotides.
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== Evolutionary Conservation ==
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[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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Check<jmol>
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<jmolCheckbox>
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<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/bx/1bx4_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
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<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
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<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
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</jmolCheckbox>
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1bx4 ConSurf].
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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Adenosine kinase (AK) is a key enzyme in the regulation of extracellular adenosine and intracellular adenylate levels. Inhibitors of adenosine kinase elevate adenosine to levels that activate nearby adenosine receptors and produce a wide variety of therapeutically beneficial activities. Accordingly, AK is a promising target for new analgesic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective agents. We determined the structure of human adenosine kinase by X-ray crystallography using MAD phasing techniques and refined the structure to 1.5 A resolution. The enzyme structure consisted of one large alpha/beta domain with nine beta-strands, eight alpha-helices, and one small alpha/beta-domain with five beta-strands and two alpha-helices. The active site is formed along the edge of the beta-sheet in the large domain while the small domain acts as a lid to cover the upper face of the active site. The overall structure is similar to the recently reported structure of ribokinase from Escherichia coli [Sigrell et al. (1998) Structure 6, 183-193]. The structure of ribokinase was determined at 1.8 A resolution and represents the first structure of a new family of carbohydrate kinases. Two molecules of adenosine were present in the AK crystal structure with one adenosine molecule located in a site that matches the ribose site in ribokinase and probably represents the substrate-binding site. The second adenosine site overlaps the ADP site in ribokinase and probably represents the ATP site. A Mg2+ ion binding site is observed in a trough between the two adenosine sites. The structure of the active site is consistent with the observed substrate specificity. The active-site model suggests that Asp300 is an important catalytic residue involved in the deprotonation of the 5'-hydroxyl during the phosphate transfer.
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==About this Structure==
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Structure of human adenosine kinase at 1.5 A resolution.,Mathews II, Erion MD, Ealick SE Biochemistry. 1998 Nov 10;37(45):15607-20. PMID:9843365<ref>PMID:9843365</ref>
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1BX4 is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] with CL, MG and ADN as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligands ligands]. Active as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_kinase Adenosine kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.1.20 2.7.1.20] Structure known Active Sites: ADA and ADB. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1BX4 OCA].
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==Reference==
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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Structure of human adenosine kinase at 1.5 A resolution., Mathews II, Erion MD, Ealick SE, Biochemistry. 1998 Nov 10;37(45):15607-20. PMID:[http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il//pmbin/getpm?pmid=9843365 9843365]
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</div>
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[[Category: Adenosine kinase]]
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1bx4" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
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[[Category: Single protein]]
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[[Category: Ealick, S.E.]]
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[[Category: Erion, M.D.]]
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[[Category: Mathews, I.I.]]
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[[Category: ADN]]
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[[Category: CL]]
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[[Category: MG]]
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[[Category: human adenosine kinase]]
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''Page seeded by [http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Mon Nov 12 16:15:12 2007''
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==See Also==
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*[[Adenosine kinase|Adenosine kinase]]
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*[[Adenosine kinase 3D structures|Adenosine kinase 3D structures]]
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== References ==
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<references/>
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__TOC__
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</StructureSection>
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[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
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[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Ealick SE]]
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[[Category: Erion MD]]
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[[Category: Mathews II]]

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STRUCTURE OF HUMAN ADENOSINE KINASE AT 1.50 ANGSTROMS

PDB ID 1bx4

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