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| | <StructureSection load='4qho' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4qho]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.37Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='4qho' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4qho]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.37Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4qho]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4QHO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4QHO FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4qho]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4QHO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4QHO FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NKG:N-{[3-HYDROXY-6-(NAPHTHALEN-1-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL]CARBONYL}GLYCINE'>NKG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.37Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[3lfm|3lfm]], [[4idz|4idz]], [[4ie0|4ie0]], [[4ie4|4ie4]], [[4ie5|4ie5]], [[4ie6|4ie6]], [[4ie7|4ie7]]</div></td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NKG:N-{[3-HYDROXY-6-(NAPHTHALEN-1-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL]CARBONYL}GLYCINE'>NKG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">FTO, KIAA1752 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
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| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4qho FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4qho OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4qho PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4qho RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4qho PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4qho ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4qho FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4qho OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4qho PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4qho RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4qho PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4qho ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FTO_HUMAN FTO_HUMAN]] Defects in FTO are the cause of growth retardation developmental delay coarse facies and early death (GDFD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/612938 612938]]. A severe polymalformation syndrome characterized by postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, severe psychomotor delay, functional brain deficits and characteristic facial dysmorphism. In some patients, structural brain malformations, cardiac defects, genital anomalies, and cleft palate are observed. Early death occurs by the age of 3 years.<ref>PMID:19559399</ref>
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FTO_HUMAN FTO_HUMAN] Defects in FTO are the cause of growth retardation developmental delay coarse facies and early death (GDFD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/612938 612938]. A severe polymalformation syndrome characterized by postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, severe psychomotor delay, functional brain deficits and characteristic facial dysmorphism. In some patients, structural brain malformations, cardiac defects, genital anomalies, and cleft palate are observed. Early death occurs by the age of 3 years.<ref>PMID:19559399</ref> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FTO_HUMAN FTO_HUMAN]] Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA by oxidative demethylation. Has highest activity towards single-stranded RNA containing 3-methyluracil, followed by single-stranded DNA containing 3-methylthymine. Has low demethylase activity towards single-stranded DNA containing 1-methyladenine or 3-methylcytosine. Has no activity towards 1-methylguanine. Has no detectable activity towards double-stranded DNA. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate and iron. Contributes to the regulation of the global metabolic rate, energy expenditure and energy homeostasis. Contributes to the regulation of body size and body fat accumulation.<ref>PMID:18775698</ref> <ref>PMID:20376003</ref>
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FTO_HUMAN FTO_HUMAN] Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA by oxidative demethylation. Has highest activity towards single-stranded RNA containing 3-methyluracil, followed by single-stranded DNA containing 3-methylthymine. Has low demethylase activity towards single-stranded DNA containing 1-methyladenine or 3-methylcytosine. Has no activity towards 1-methylguanine. Has no detectable activity towards double-stranded DNA. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate and iron. Contributes to the regulation of the global metabolic rate, energy expenditure and energy homeostasis. Contributes to the regulation of body size and body fat accumulation.<ref>PMID:18775698</ref> <ref>PMID:20376003</ref> |
| | + | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | + | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
| | + | FTO catalyzes the Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent modification of nucleic acids, including the demethylation of N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) in mRNA. FTO is a proposed target for anti-cancer therapy. Using information from crystal structures of FTO in complex with 2OG and substrate mimics, we designed and synthesized two series of FTO inhibitors, which were characterized by turnover and binding assays, and by X-ray crystallography with FTO and the related bacterial enzyme AlkB. A potent inhibitor employing binding interactions spanning the FTO 2OG and substrate binding sites was identified. Selectivity over other clinically targeted 2OG oxygenases was demonstrated, including with respect to the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylases (PHD2 and FIH) and selected JmjC histone demethylases (KDMs). The results illustrate how structure-based design can enable the identification of potent and selective 2OG oxygenase inhibitors and will be useful for the development of FTO inhibitors for use in vivo. |
| | + | |
| | + | Structure-Based Design of Selective Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Protein (FTO) Inhibitors.,Shishodia S, Demetriades M, Zhang D, Tam NY, Maheswaran P, Clunie-O'Connor C, Tumber A, Leung IKH, Ng YM, Leissing TM, El-Sagheer AH, Salah E, Brown T, Aik WS, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ J Med Chem. 2021 Nov 11. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01204. PMID:34762429<ref>PMID:34762429</ref> |
| | + | |
| | + | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="pdbe-citations 4qho" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | | | |
| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Aik, W S]] | + | [[Category: Aik WS]] |
| - | [[Category: Connor, C Clunie-O]] | + | [[Category: Clunie-O'Connor C]] |
| - | [[Category: McDonough, M A]] | + | [[Category: McDonough MA]] |
| - | [[Category: Schofield, C J]] | + | [[Category: Schofield CJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Dioxygenase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Double-stranded beta helix fold]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Jelly-roll motif]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Nucleic acid demethylase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Oxidoreductase-oxidoreductase inhibitor complex]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
FTO_HUMAN Defects in FTO are the cause of growth retardation developmental delay coarse facies and early death (GDFD) [MIM:612938. A severe polymalformation syndrome characterized by postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, severe psychomotor delay, functional brain deficits and characteristic facial dysmorphism. In some patients, structural brain malformations, cardiac defects, genital anomalies, and cleft palate are observed. Early death occurs by the age of 3 years.[1]
Function
FTO_HUMAN Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA by oxidative demethylation. Has highest activity towards single-stranded RNA containing 3-methyluracil, followed by single-stranded DNA containing 3-methylthymine. Has low demethylase activity towards single-stranded DNA containing 1-methyladenine or 3-methylcytosine. Has no activity towards 1-methylguanine. Has no detectable activity towards double-stranded DNA. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate and iron. Contributes to the regulation of the global metabolic rate, energy expenditure and energy homeostasis. Contributes to the regulation of body size and body fat accumulation.[2] [3]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
FTO catalyzes the Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent modification of nucleic acids, including the demethylation of N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) in mRNA. FTO is a proposed target for anti-cancer therapy. Using information from crystal structures of FTO in complex with 2OG and substrate mimics, we designed and synthesized two series of FTO inhibitors, which were characterized by turnover and binding assays, and by X-ray crystallography with FTO and the related bacterial enzyme AlkB. A potent inhibitor employing binding interactions spanning the FTO 2OG and substrate binding sites was identified. Selectivity over other clinically targeted 2OG oxygenases was demonstrated, including with respect to the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylases (PHD2 and FIH) and selected JmjC histone demethylases (KDMs). The results illustrate how structure-based design can enable the identification of potent and selective 2OG oxygenase inhibitors and will be useful for the development of FTO inhibitors for use in vivo.
Structure-Based Design of Selective Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Protein (FTO) Inhibitors.,Shishodia S, Demetriades M, Zhang D, Tam NY, Maheswaran P, Clunie-O'Connor C, Tumber A, Leung IKH, Ng YM, Leissing TM, El-Sagheer AH, Salah E, Brown T, Aik WS, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ J Med Chem. 2021 Nov 11. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01204. PMID:34762429[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Boissel S, Reish O, Proulx K, Kawagoe-Takaki H, Sedgwick B, Yeo GS, Meyre D, Golzio C, Molinari F, Kadhom N, Etchevers HC, Saudek V, Farooqi IS, Froguel P, Lindahl T, O'Rahilly S, Munnich A, Colleaux L. Loss-of-function mutation in the dioxygenase-encoding FTO gene causes severe growth retardation and multiple malformations. Am J Hum Genet. 2009 Jul;85(1):106-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.06.002. Epub 2009, Jun 25. PMID:19559399 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.06.002
- ↑ Jia G, Yang CG, Yang S, Jian X, Yi C, Zhou Z, He C. Oxidative demethylation of 3-methylthymine and 3-methyluracil in single-stranded DNA and RNA by mouse and human FTO. FEBS Lett. 2008 Oct 15;582(23-24):3313-9. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.08.019., Epub 2008 Sep 5. PMID:18775698 doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.08.019
- ↑ Han Z, Niu T, Chang J, Lei X, Zhao M, Wang Q, Cheng W, Wang J, Feng Y, Chai J. Crystal structure of the FTO protein reveals basis for its substrate specificity. Nature. 2010 Apr 22;464(7292):1205-9. Epub 2010 Apr 7. PMID:20376003 doi:10.1038/nature08921
- ↑ Shishodia S, Demetriades M, Zhang D, Tam NY, Maheswaran P, Clunie-O'Connor C, Tumber A, Leung IKH, Ng YM, Leissing TM, El-Sagheer AH, Salah E, Brown T, Aik WS, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ. Structure-Based Design of Selective Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Protein (FTO) Inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2021 Nov 11. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01204. PMID:34762429 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01204
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