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| | <StructureSection load='1r6t' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1r6t]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='1r6t' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1r6t]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1r6t]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1R6T OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1R6T FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1r6t]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1R6T OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1R6T FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TYM:TRYPTOPHANYL-5AMP'>TYM</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.1Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MSE:SELENOMETHIONINE'>MSE</scene></td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MSE:SELENOMETHIONINE'>MSE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TYM:TRYPTOPHANYL-5AMP'>TYM</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">WARS ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophan--tRNA_ligase Tryptophan--tRNA ligase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=6.1.1.2 6.1.1.2] </span></td></tr>
| + | |
| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1r6t FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1r6t OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1r6t PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1r6t RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1r6t PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1r6t ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1r6t FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1r6t OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1r6t PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1r6t RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1r6t PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1r6t ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYWC_HUMAN SYWC_HUMAN]] Isoform 1, isoform 2 and T1-TrpRS have aminoacylation activity while T2-TrpRS lacks it. Isoform 2, T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS possess angiostatic activity whereas isoform 1 lacks it. T2-TrpRS inhibits fluid shear stress-activated responses of endothelial cells. Regulates ERK, Akt, and eNOS activation pathways that are associated with angiogenesis, cytoskeletal reorganization and shear stress-responsive gene expression.<ref>PMID:11773626</ref> <ref>PMID:1373391</ref> <ref>PMID:11773625</ref> <ref>PMID:14630953</ref>
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYWC_HUMAN SYWC_HUMAN] Isoform 1, isoform 2 and T1-TrpRS have aminoacylation activity while T2-TrpRS lacks it. Isoform 2, T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS possess angiostatic activity whereas isoform 1 lacks it. T2-TrpRS inhibits fluid shear stress-activated responses of endothelial cells. Regulates ERK, Akt, and eNOS activation pathways that are associated with angiogenesis, cytoskeletal reorganization and shear stress-responsive gene expression.<ref>PMID:11773626</ref> <ref>PMID:1373391</ref> <ref>PMID:11773625</ref> <ref>PMID:14630953</ref> |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | <jmolCheckbox> | | <jmolCheckbox> |
| | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/r6/1r6t_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/r6/1r6t_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| - | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | + | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
| | </jmolCheckbox> | | </jmolCheckbox> |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Tryptophan--tRNA ligase]]
| + | [[Category: McRee DE]] |
| - | [[Category: McRee, D E]] | + | [[Category: Otero FJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Otero, F J]] | + | [[Category: Ribas de Pouplana L]] |
| - | [[Category: Pouplana, L Ribas de]] | + | [[Category: Schimmel P]] |
| - | [[Category: Schimmel, P]] | + | [[Category: Skene RJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Skene, R J]] | + | [[Category: Yang X-L]] |
| - | [[Category: Yang, X L]] | + | |
| - | [[Category: Anticodon recognition domain]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Bound trp-amp]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Class ic trna synthetase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Ligase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Rossmann fold catalytical domain]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
SYWC_HUMAN Isoform 1, isoform 2 and T1-TrpRS have aminoacylation activity while T2-TrpRS lacks it. Isoform 2, T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS possess angiostatic activity whereas isoform 1 lacks it. T2-TrpRS inhibits fluid shear stress-activated responses of endothelial cells. Regulates ERK, Akt, and eNOS activation pathways that are associated with angiogenesis, cytoskeletal reorganization and shear stress-responsive gene expression.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Early forms of the genetic code likely generated "statistical" proteins, with similar side chains occupying the same sequence positions at different ratios. In this scenario, groups of related side chains were treated by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as a single molecular species until a discrimination mechanism developed that could separate them. The aromatic amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine likely constituted one of these groups. A crystal structure of human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase was solved at 2.1 A with a tryptophanyl-adenylate bound at the active site. A cocrystal structure of an active fragment of human tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase with its cognate amino acid analog was also solved at 1.6 A. The two structures enabled active site identifications and provided the information for structure-based sequence alignments of approximately 45 orthologs of each enzyme. Two critical positions shared by all tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases for amino acid discrimination were identified. The variations at these two positions and phylogenetic analyses based on the structural information suggest that, in contrast to many other amino acids, discrimination of tyrosine from tryptophan occurred late in the development of the genetic code.
Crystal structures that suggest late development of genetic code components for differentiating aromatic side chains.,Yang XL, Otero FJ, Skene RJ, McRee DE, Schimmel P, Ribas de Pouplana L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 23;100(26):15376-80. Epub 2003 Dec 11. PMID:14671330[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Wakasugi K, Slike BM, Hood J, Otani A, Ewalt KL, Friedlander M, Cheresh DA, Schimmel P. A human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase as a regulator of angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jan 8;99(1):173-7. Epub 2002 Jan 2. PMID:11773626 doi:10.1073/pnas.012602099
- ↑ Bange FC, Flohr T, Buwitt U, Bottger EC. An interferon-induced protein with release factor activity is a tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. FEBS Lett. 1992 Mar 30;300(2):162-6. PMID:1373391
- ↑ Otani A, Slike BM, Dorrell MI, Hood J, Kinder K, Ewalt KL, Cheresh D, Schimmel P, Friedlander M. A fragment of human TrpRS as a potent antagonist of ocular angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jan 8;99(1):178-83. Epub 2002 Jan 2. PMID:11773625 doi:10.1073/pnas.012601899
- ↑ Tzima E, Reader JS, Irani-Tehrani M, Ewalt KL, Schwartz MA, Schimmel P. Biologically active fragment of a human tRNA synthetase inhibits fluid shear stress-activated responses of endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 9;100(25):14903-7. Epub 2003 Nov 20. PMID:14630953 doi:10.1073/pnas.2436330100
- ↑ Yang XL, Otero FJ, Skene RJ, McRee DE, Schimmel P, Ribas de Pouplana L. Crystal structures that suggest late development of genetic code components for differentiating aromatic side chains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 23;100(26):15376-80. Epub 2003 Dec 11. PMID:14671330 doi:10.1073/pnas.2136794100
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