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| | <StructureSection load='3ddb' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3ddb]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.60Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='3ddb' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3ddb]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.60Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3ddb]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"bacillus_botulinus"_van_ermengem_1896 "bacillus botulinus" van ermengem 1896]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3DDB OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3DDB FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3ddb]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinum Clostridium botulinum] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3DDB OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3DDB FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.6Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene></td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[3bwi|3bwi]], [[3c88|3c88]], [[3c89|3c89]], [[3c8a|3c8a]], [[3c8b|3c8b]], [[3dda|3dda]]</div></td></tr>
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| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">botA ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=1491 "Bacillus botulinus" van Ermengem 1896])</td></tr>
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| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bontoxilysin Bontoxilysin], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.24.69 3.4.24.69] </span></td></tr>
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| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ddb FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3ddb OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3ddb PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3ddb RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3ddb PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3ddb ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ddb FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3ddb OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3ddb PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3ddb RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3ddb PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3ddb ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BXA1_CLOBH BXA1_CLOBH]] Inhibits acetylcholine release. The botulinum toxin binds with high affinity to peripheral neuronal presynaptic membrane to the secretory vesicle protein SV2. It binds directly to the largest luminal loop of SV2A, SV2B and SV2C. It is then internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis. The C-terminus of the heavy chain (H) is responsible for the adherence of the toxin to the cell surface while the N-terminus mediates transport of the light chain from the endocytic vesicle to the cytosol. After translocation, the light chain (L) hydrolyzes the 197-Gln-|-Arg-198 bond in SNAP-25, thereby blocking neurotransmitter release. Inhibition of acetylcholine release results in flaccid paralysis, with frequent heart or respiratory failure.
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BXA1_CLOBH BXA1_CLOBH] Inhibits acetylcholine release. The botulinum toxin binds with high affinity to peripheral neuronal presynaptic membrane to the secretory vesicle protein SV2. It binds directly to the largest luminal loop of SV2A, SV2B and SV2C. It is then internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis. The C-terminus of the heavy chain (H) is responsible for the adherence of the toxin to the cell surface while the N-terminus mediates transport of the light chain from the endocytic vesicle to the cytosol. After translocation, the light chain (L) hydrolyzes the 197-Gln-|-Arg-198 bond in SNAP-25, thereby blocking neurotransmitter release. Inhibition of acetylcholine release results in flaccid paralysis, with frequent heart or respiratory failure. |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | <jmolCheckbox> | | <jmolCheckbox> |
| | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/dd/3ddb_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/dd/3ddb_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| - | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | + | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
| | </jmolCheckbox> | | </jmolCheckbox> |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Bacillus botulinus van ermengem 1896]] | + | [[Category: Clostridium botulinum]] |
| - | [[Category: Bontoxilysin]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Kumaran, D]] | + | [[Category: Kumaran D]] |
| - | [[Category: Swaminathan, S]] | + | [[Category: Swaminathan S]] |
| - | [[Category: Bio-warfare agent]]
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| - | [[Category: Botox]]
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| - | [[Category: Botulinum neurotoxin type some]]
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| - | [[Category: Catalytic domain]]
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| - | [[Category: Endopeptidase]]
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| - | [[Category: Enzyme-substrate complex]]
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| - | [[Category: Hydrolase]]
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| - | [[Category: Metal-binding]]
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| - | [[Category: Metalloprotease]]
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| - | [[Category: Pharmaceutical]]
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| - | [[Category: Protease]]
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| - | [[Category: Secreted]]
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| - | [[Category: Syntaxin]]
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| - | [[Category: Transmembrane]]
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| - | [[Category: Zinc]]
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| Structural highlights
Function
BXA1_CLOBH Inhibits acetylcholine release. The botulinum toxin binds with high affinity to peripheral neuronal presynaptic membrane to the secretory vesicle protein SV2. It binds directly to the largest luminal loop of SV2A, SV2B and SV2C. It is then internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis. The C-terminus of the heavy chain (H) is responsible for the adherence of the toxin to the cell surface while the N-terminus mediates transport of the light chain from the endocytic vesicle to the cytosol. After translocation, the light chain (L) hydrolyzes the 197-Gln-|-Arg-198 bond in SNAP-25, thereby blocking neurotransmitter release. Inhibition of acetylcholine release results in flaccid paralysis, with frequent heart or respiratory failure.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The seven antigenically distinct serotypes of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins, the causative agents of botulism, block the neurotransmitter release by specifically cleaving one of the three SNARE proteins and induce flaccid paralysis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has declared them as Category A biowarfare agents. The most potent among them, botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A), cleaves its substrate synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25). An efficient drug for botulism can be developed only with the knowledge of interactions between the substrate and enzyme at the active site. Here, we report the crystal structures of the catalytic domain of BoNT/A with its uncleavable SNAP-25 peptide (197)QRATKM(202) and its variant (197)RRATKM(202) to 1.5 A and 1.6 A, respectively. This is the first time the structure of an uncleavable substrate bound to an active botulinum neurotoxin is reported and it has helped in unequivocally defining S1 to S5' sites. These substrate peptides make interactions with the enzyme predominantly by the residues from 160, 200, 250 and 370 loops. Most notably, the amino nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen of P1 residue (Gln197) chelate the zinc ion and replace the nucleophilic water. The P1'-Arg198, occupies the S1' site formed by Arg363, Thr220, Asp370, Thr215, Ile161, Phe163 and Phe194. The S2' subsite is formed by Arg363, Asn368 and Asp370, while S3' subsite is formed by Tyr251, Leu256, Val258, Tyr366, Phe369 and Asn388. P4'-Lys201 makes hydrogen bond with Gln162. P5'-Met202 binds in the hydrophobic pocket formed by the residues from the 250 and 200 loop. Knowledge of interactions between the enzyme and substrate peptide from these complex structures should form the basis for design of potent inhibitors for this neurotoxin.
Substrate binding mode and its implication on drug design for botulinum neurotoxin A.,Kumaran D, Rawat R, Ahmed SA, Swaminathan S PLoS Pathog. 2008 Sep 26;4(9):e1000165. PMID:18818739[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Kumaran D, Rawat R, Ahmed SA, Swaminathan S. Substrate binding mode and its implication on drug design for botulinum neurotoxin A. PLoS Pathog. 2008 Sep 26;4(9):e1000165. PMID:18818739 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000165
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