7t9n

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==M22 Agonist Autoantibody bound to Human Thyrotropin receptor in complex with miniGs399 (composite structure)==
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<StructureSection load='7t9n' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7t9n]]' scene=''>
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<StructureSection load='7t9n' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7t9n]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.90&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id= OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol= FirstGlance]. <br>
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7t9n]] is a 7 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7T9N OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7T9N FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7t9n FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7t9n OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7t9n PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7t9n RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7t9n PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7t9n ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.9&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=Z41:[(2S)-2-hexadecanoyloxy-3-oxidanyl-propyl]+hexadecanoate'>Z41</scene></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7t9n FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7t9n OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7t9n PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7t9n RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7t9n PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7t9n ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
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== Disease ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TSHR_HUMAN TSHR_HUMAN] Note=Defects in TSHR are found in patients affected by hyperthyroidism with different etiologies. Somatic, constitutively activating TSHR mutations and/or constitutively activating G(s)alpha mutations have been identified in toxic thyroid nodules (TTNs) that are the predominant cause of hyperthyroidism in iodine deficient areas. These mutations lead to TSH independent activation of the cAMP cascade resulting in thyroid growth and hormone production. TSHR mutations are found in autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) and hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas (HTA). TMNG encompasses a spectrum of different clinical entities, ranging from a single hyperfunctioning nodule within an enlarged thyroid, to multiple hyperfunctioning areas scattered throughout the gland. HTA are discrete encapsulated neoplasms characterized by TSH-independent autonomous growth, hypersecretion of thyroid hormones, and TSH suppression. Defects in TSHR are also a cause of thyroid neoplasms (papillary and follicular cancers).<ref>PMID:11887032</ref> <ref>PMID:12593721</ref> <ref>PMID:12930595</ref> Note=Autoantibodies against TSHR are directly responsible for the pathogenesis and hyperthyroidism of Graves disease. Antibody interaction with TSHR results in an uncontrolled receptor stimulation.<ref>PMID:11887032</ref> <ref>PMID:12593721</ref> <ref>PMID:12930595</ref> Defects in TSHR are the cause of congenital hypothyroidism non-goitrous type 1 (CHNG1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/275200 275200]; also known as congenital hypothyroidism due to TSH resistance. CHNG1 is a non-autoimmune condition characterized by resistance to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) leading to increased levels of plasma TSH and low levels of thyroid hormone. CHNG1 presents variable severity depending on the completeness of the defect. Most patients are euthyroid and asymptomatic, with a normal sized thyroid gland. Only a subset of patients develop hypothyroidism and present a hypoplastic thyroid gland.<ref>PMID:11887032</ref> <ref>PMID:12593721</ref> <ref>PMID:12930595</ref> <ref>PMID:7528344</ref> <ref>PMID:8954020</ref> <ref>PMID:9100579</ref> <ref>PMID:9329388</ref> <ref>PMID:9185526</ref> <ref>PMID:10720030</ref> <ref>PMID:11095460</ref> <ref>PMID:11442002</ref> <ref>PMID:12050212</ref> <ref>PMID:14725684</ref> <ref>PMID:15531543</ref> Defects in TSHR are the cause of familial gestational hyperthyroidism (HTFG) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/603373 603373]. HTFG is a condition characterized by abnormally high levels of serum thyroid hormones occurring during early pregnancy.<ref>PMID:11887032</ref> <ref>PMID:12593721</ref> <ref>PMID:12930595</ref> <ref>PMID:9854118</ref> Defects in TSHR are the cause of hyperthyroidism non-autoimmune (HTNA) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/609152 609152]. It is a condition characterized by abnormally high levels of serum thyroid hormones, thyroid hyperplasia, goiter and lack of anti-thyroid antibodies. Typical features of Graves disease such as exophthalmia, myxedema, antibodies anti-TSH receptor and lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland are absent.<ref>PMID:11887032</ref> <ref>PMID:12593721</ref> <ref>PMID:12930595</ref> <ref>PMID:7920658</ref> <ref>PMID:7800007</ref> <ref>PMID:8636266</ref> <ref>PMID:8964822</ref> <ref>PMID:9360555</ref> <ref>PMID:9398746</ref> <ref>PMID:9349581</ref> <ref>PMID:9589634</ref> <ref>PMID:10199795</ref> <ref>PMID:10852462</ref> <ref>PMID:11127522</ref> <ref>PMID:11081252</ref> <ref>PMID:11201847</ref> <ref>PMID:11517004</ref> <ref>PMID:11549687</ref> <ref>PMID:15163335</ref>
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== Function ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TSHR_HUMAN TSHR_HUMAN] Receptor for thyrothropin. Plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Also acts as a receptor for thyrostimulin (GPA2+GPB5).<ref>PMID:12045258</ref>
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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Thyroid hormones are vital in metabolism, growth and development(1). Thyroid hormone synthesis is controlled by thyrotropin (TSH), which acts at the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR)(2). In patients with Graves' disease, autoantibodies that activate the TSHR pathologically increase thyroid hormone activity(3). How autoantibodies mimic thyrotropin function remains unclear. Here we determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of active and inactive TSHR. In inactive TSHR, the extracellular domain lies close to the membrane bilayer. Thyrotropin selects an upright orientation of the extracellular domain owing to steric clashes between a conserved hormone glycan and the membrane bilayer. An activating autoantibody from a patient with Graves' disease selects a similar upright orientation of the extracellular domain. Reorientation of the extracellular domain transduces a conformational change in the seven-transmembrane-segment domain via a conserved hinge domain, a tethered peptide agonist and a phospholipid that binds within the seven-transmembrane-segment domain. Rotation of the TSHR extracellular domain relative to the membrane bilayer is sufficient for receptor activation, revealing a shared mechanism for other glycoprotein hormone receptors that may also extend to other G-protein-coupled receptors with large extracellular domains.
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Autoantibody mimicry of hormone action at the thyrotropin receptor.,Faust B, Billesbolle CB, Suomivuori CM, Singh I, Zhang K, Hoppe N, Pinto AFM, Diedrich JK, Muftuoglu Y, Szkudlinski MW, Saghatelian A, Dror RO, Cheng Y, Manglik A Nature. 2022 Sep;609(7928):846-853. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05159-1. Epub 2022 , Aug 8. PMID:35940205<ref>PMID:35940205</ref>
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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</div>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 7t9n" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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==See Also==
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*[[Transducin 3D structures|Transducin 3D structures]]
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== References ==
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<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
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[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Z-disk]]
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[[Category: Cheng Y]]
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[[Category: Faust B]]
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[[Category: Manglik A]]

Current revision

M22 Agonist Autoantibody bound to Human Thyrotropin receptor in complex with miniGs399 (composite structure)

PDB ID 7t9n

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