| Structural highlights
Function
MK13_HUMAN Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK13 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors such as ELK1 and ATF2. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. MAPK13 is one of the less studied p38 MAPK isoforms. Some of the targets are downstream kinases such as MAPKAPK2, which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. Plays a role in the regulation of protein translation by phosphorylating and inactivating EEF2K. Involved in cytoskeletal remodeling through phosphorylation of MAPT and STMN1. Mediates UV irradiation induced up-regulation of the gene expression of CXCL14. Plays an important role in the regulation of epidermal keratinocyte differentiation, apoptosis and skin tumor development. Phosphorylates the transcriptional activator MYB in response to stress which leads to rapid MYB degradation via a proteasome-dependent pathway. MAPK13 also phosphorylates and down-regulates PRKD1 during regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The p38 MAP kinases (p38 MAPKs) represent an important family centrally involved in mediating extracellular signaling. Recent studies indicate that family members such as MAPK13 (p38delta) display a selective cellular and tissue expression and are therefore involved in specific diseases. Detailed structural studies of all p38 MAPK family members are crucial for the design of specific inhibitors. In order to facilitate such ventures, the structure of MAPK13 was determined in both the inactive (unphosphorylated; MAPK13) and active (dual phosphorylated; MAPK13/pTpY) forms. Here, the first preparation, crystallization and structure determination of MAPK13/pTpY are presented and the structure is compared with the previously reported structure of MAPK13 in order to facilitate studies for structure-based drug design. A comprehensive analysis of inactive versus active structures for the p38 MAPK family is also presented. It is found that MAPK13 undergoes a larger interlobe configurational rearrangement upon activation compared with MAPK14. Surprisingly, the analysis of activated p38 MAPK structures (MAP12/pTpY, MAPK13/pTpY and MAPK14/pTpY) reveals that, despite a high degree of sequence similarity, different side chains are used to coordinate the phosphorylated residues. There are also differences in the rearrangement of the hinge region that occur in MAPK14 compared with MAPK13 which would affect inhibitor binding. A thorough examination of all of the active (phosphorylated) and inactive (unphosphorylated) p38 MAPK family member structures was performed to reveal a common structural basis of activation for the p38 MAP kinase family and to identify structural differences that may be exploited for developing family member-specific inhibitors.
The crystal structure of phosphorylated MAPK13 reveals common structural features and differences in p38 MAPK family activation.,Yurtsever Z, Scheaffer SM, Romero AG, Holtzman MJ, Brett TJ Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2015 Apr;71(Pt 4):790-9. doi:, 10.1107/S1399004715001212. Epub 2015 Mar 26. PMID:25849390[9]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Parker CG, Hunt J, Diener K, McGinley M, Soriano B, Keesler GA, Bray J, Yao Z, Wang XS, Kohno T, Lichenstein HS. Identification of stathmin as a novel substrate for p38 delta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Aug 28;249(3):791-6. PMID:9731215 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1998.9250
- ↑ Knebel A, Morrice N, Cohen P. A novel method to identify protein kinase substrates: eEF2 kinase is phosphorylated and inhibited by SAPK4/p38delta. EMBO J. 2001 Aug 15;20(16):4360-9. PMID:11500363 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.16.4360
- ↑ Buee-Scherrer V, Goedert M. Phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau by stress-activated protein kinases in intact cells. FEBS Lett. 2002 Mar 27;515(1-3):151-4. PMID:11943212
- ↑ Feijoo C, Campbell DG, Jakes R, Goedert M, Cuenda A. Evidence that phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau by SAPK4/p38delta at Thr50 promotes microtubule assembly. J Cell Sci. 2005 Jan 15;118(Pt 2):397-408. Epub 2005 Jan 4. PMID:15632108 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.01655
- ↑ Kraft CA, Efimova T, Eckert RL. Activation of PKCdelta and p38delta MAPK during okadaic acid dependent keratinocyte apoptosis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2007 May;299(2):71-83. Epub 2007 Jan 26. PMID:17256148 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00403-006-0727-4
- ↑ Pani E, Ferrari S. p38MAPK delta controls c-Myb degradation in response to stress. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2008 May-Jun;40(3):388-94. Epub 2007 Nov 19. PMID:18006338 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.09.010
- ↑ Zhou X, Ferraris JD, Dmitrieva NI, Liu Y, Burg MB. MKP-1 inhibits high NaCl-induced activation of p38 but does not inhibit the activation of TonEBP/OREBP: opposite roles of p38alpha and p38delta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Apr 8;105(14):5620-5. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.0801453105. Epub 2008 Mar 26. PMID:18367666 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801453105
- ↑ Ozawa S, Ito S, Kato Y, Kubota E, Hata R. Human p38 delta MAP kinase mediates UV irradiation induced up-regulation of the gene expression of chemokine BRAK/CXCL14. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Jun 11;396(4):1060-4. doi:, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.072. Epub 2010 May 15. PMID:20478268 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.072
- ↑ Yurtsever Z, Scheaffer SM, Romero AG, Holtzman MJ, Brett TJ. The crystal structure of phosphorylated MAPK13 reveals common structural features and differences in p38 MAPK family activation. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2015 Apr;71(Pt 4):790-9. doi:, 10.1107/S1399004715001212. Epub 2015 Mar 26. PMID:25849390 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1399004715001212
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