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| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7uud]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7UUD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7UUD FirstGlance]. <br> | | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7uud]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7UUD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7UUD FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=I71:(1R,2S,5S)-3-[N-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl]-N-{(2S,3R)-4-(ethylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]butan-2-yl}-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxamide'>I71</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.85Å</td></tr> |
| | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=I71:(1~{R},2~{S},5~{S})-3-[(2~{S})-2-(~{tert}-butylcarbamoylamino)-3,3-dimethyl-butanoyl]-~{N}-[(2~{S},3~{R})-4-(ethylamino)-3-oxidanyl-4-oxidanylidene-1-[(3~{S})-2-oxidanylidenepyrrolidin-3-yl]butan-2-yl]-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxamide'>I71</scene></td></tr> |
| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7uud FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7uud OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7uud PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7uud RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7uud PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7uud ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7uud FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7uud OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7uud PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7uud RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7uud PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7uud ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
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| | As the COVID-19 pathogen, SARS-CoV-2 relies on its main protease (M(Pro)) for pathogenesis and replication. During crystallographic analyses of M(Pro) crystals that were exposed to the air, a uniquely Y-shaped, S-O-N-O-S-bridged post-translational cross-link that connects three residues C22, C44, and K61 at their side chains was frequently observed. As a novel covalent modification, this cross-link serves potentially as a redox switch to regulate the catalytic activity of M(Pro), a demonstrated drug target of COVID-19. The formation of this linkage leads to a much more open active site that can potentially be targeted for the development of novel SARS-CoV-2 antivirals. The structural rearrangement of M(Pro) by this cross-link indicates that small molecules that lock M(Pro) in the cross-linked form can potentially be used with other active-site-targeting molecules such as paxlovid for synergistic effects in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. | | As the COVID-19 pathogen, SARS-CoV-2 relies on its main protease (M(Pro)) for pathogenesis and replication. During crystallographic analyses of M(Pro) crystals that were exposed to the air, a uniquely Y-shaped, S-O-N-O-S-bridged post-translational cross-link that connects three residues C22, C44, and K61 at their side chains was frequently observed. As a novel covalent modification, this cross-link serves potentially as a redox switch to regulate the catalytic activity of M(Pro), a demonstrated drug target of COVID-19. The formation of this linkage leads to a much more open active site that can potentially be targeted for the development of novel SARS-CoV-2 antivirals. The structural rearrangement of M(Pro) by this cross-link indicates that small molecules that lock M(Pro) in the cross-linked form can potentially be used with other active-site-targeting molecules such as paxlovid for synergistic effects in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. |
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| - | A Novel Y-Shaped, S-O-N-O-S-Bridged Cross-Link between Three Residues C22, C44, and K61 Is Frequently Observed in the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.,Yang KS, Blankenship LR, Kuo SA, Sheng YJ, Li P, Fierke CA, Russell DH, Yan X, Xu S, Liu WR ACS Chem Biol. 2023 Jan 11. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00695. PMID:36629751<ref>PMID:36629751</ref> | + | A Novel Y-Shaped, S-O-N-O-S-Bridged Cross-Link between Three Residues C22, C44, and K61 Is Frequently Observed in the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.,Yang KS, Blankenship LR, Kuo SA, Sheng YJ, Li P, Fierke CA, Russell DH, Yan X, Xu S, Liu WR ACS Chem Biol. 2023 Mar 17;18(3):449-455. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00695. Epub , 2023 Jan 11. PMID:36629751<ref>PMID:36629751</ref> |
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| | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> |
| Structural highlights
Function
R1AB_SARS2 Multifunctional protein involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNAs. Contains the proteinases responsible for the cleavages of the polyprotein.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Inhibits host translation by interacting with the 40S ribosomal subunit. The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation. Viral mRNAs are not susceptible to nsp1-mediated endonucleolytic RNA cleavage thanks to the presence of a 5'-end leader sequence and are therefore protected from degradation. By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] May play a role in the modulation of host cell survival signaling pathway by interacting with host PHB and PHB2. Indeed, these two proteins play a role in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates. Participates together with nsp4 in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication. Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF3. Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Participates in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites. Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN] (PubMed:32198291). Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1-phosphate (ADRP).[UniProtKB:P0C6X7][1] Plays a role in the initial induction of autophagosomes from host reticulum endoplasmic. Later, limits the expansion of these phagosomes that are no longer able to deliver viral components to lysosomes.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] May participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Plays a pivotal role in viral transcription by stimulating both nsp14 3'-5' exoribonuclease and nsp16 2'-O-methyltransferase activities. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Responsible for replication and transcription of the viral RNA genome.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Multi-functional protein with a zinc-binding domain in N-terminus displaying RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5' to 3' polarity. Activity of helicase is dependent on magnesium.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Enzyme possessing two different activities: an exoribonuclease activity acting on both ssRNA and dsRNA in a 3' to 5' direction and a N7-guanine methyltransferase activity. Acts as a proofreading exoribonuclease for RNA replication, thereby lowering The sensitivity of the virus to RNA mutagens.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Mn(2+)-dependent, uridylate-specific enzyme, which leaves 2'-3'-cyclic phosphates 5' to the cleaved bond.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Methyltransferase that mediates mRNA cap 2'-O-ribose methylation to the 5'-cap structure of viral mRNAs. N7-methyl guanosine cap is a prerequisite for binding of nsp16. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation which is essential to evade immune system.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
As the COVID-19 pathogen, SARS-CoV-2 relies on its main protease (M(Pro)) for pathogenesis and replication. During crystallographic analyses of M(Pro) crystals that were exposed to the air, a uniquely Y-shaped, S-O-N-O-S-bridged post-translational cross-link that connects three residues C22, C44, and K61 at their side chains was frequently observed. As a novel covalent modification, this cross-link serves potentially as a redox switch to regulate the catalytic activity of M(Pro), a demonstrated drug target of COVID-19. The formation of this linkage leads to a much more open active site that can potentially be targeted for the development of novel SARS-CoV-2 antivirals. The structural rearrangement of M(Pro) by this cross-link indicates that small molecules that lock M(Pro) in the cross-linked form can potentially be used with other active-site-targeting molecules such as paxlovid for synergistic effects in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 viral replication.
A Novel Y-Shaped, S-O-N-O-S-Bridged Cross-Link between Three Residues C22, C44, and K61 Is Frequently Observed in the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.,Yang KS, Blankenship LR, Kuo SA, Sheng YJ, Li P, Fierke CA, Russell DH, Yan X, Xu S, Liu WR ACS Chem Biol. 2023 Mar 17;18(3):449-455. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00695. Epub , 2023 Jan 11. PMID:36629751[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Zhang L, Lin D, Sun X, Curth U, Drosten C, Sauerhering L, Becker S, Rox K, Hilgenfeld R. Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved alpha-ketoamide inhibitors. Science. 2020 Mar 20. pii: science.abb3405. doi: 10.1126/science.abb3405. PMID:32198291 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb3405
- ↑ Yang KS, Blankenship LR, Kuo SA, Sheng YJ, Li P, Fierke CA, Russell DH, Yan X, Xu S, Liu WR. A Novel Y-Shaped, S-O-N-O-S-Bridged Cross-Link between Three Residues C22, C44, and K61 Is Frequently Observed in the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. ACS Chem Biol. 2023 Jan 11. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00695. PMID:36629751 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.2c00695
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