Glycosyltransferase

From Proteopedia

Current revision

spinqualitylabelsall models Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase complex with substrate maltoheptaose, maltose and Ca+2 ions, 1cxh Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image Contents 1 Function 2 Relevance 3 Disease 4 Structural highlights 5 3D structures of glycosyltransferase Function Glycosyltransferase (GT) are enzymes which catalyze the transfer of monosaccharide to alcohol, carbohydrate, protein or inorganic phosphate[1]. Galactosyltransferase (AGT) is a GT which catalyzes the transfer of galactose during the synthesis of polysaccharides[2]. Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (BGT) is the catalytic subunit of lactose synthase of which Alpha-lactalbumin is the regulatory subunit. Lactose synthase synthesises lactose from UDP-galactose and glucose[3]. See Human Lactose synthase(Hebrew). Fucosylglycoprotein 3-AGT (GTB) or histo-blood group ABO system transferase is the basis of the blood ABO system. It involves 3 carbohydrate antigens: A, B and H. Flavonoid GT glycosylates flavonoids (plant metabolites with two phenyl rings and one heterocyclic ring)[4]. For details on flavonoid GT see Vitis vinifera Flavonoid 3-O-Glucosyltransferase (Vv3GT). Cyclodextrin GT produces cyclodextrin from starch[5]. UDP GT has a role in xenobiotics metabolism and metabolic waste[6]. C-GT catalyzes the formation of C-glycosidic bonds[7]. peptidoglycan GT synthesises the glycol strands of the bacterial walls' peptidoglycans [8]. Pseudo-GT VldE catalyzes the condensation of 2 pseudo sugars to a product with an alpha, alpha-N-glycosidic bond[9]. Relevance Individuals with blood type A, B and AB has glycosyltransferase activitiy which converts antigen H to A or B. Individuals with blood type O lack this activity. For details see Human ABO(H) Blood Group Glycosyltransferases. Disease Mutations in mannose GT can cause muscular dystrophy and neuronal migration disorder[10]. Structural highlights The of cyclodextrin GT contains [11]. Water molecules are shown as red spheres. 3D structures of glycosyltransferase Glycosyltransferase 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Williams GJ, Thorson JS. Natural product glycosyltransferases: properties and applications. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 2009;76:55-119. PMID:18990828
2. ↑ Qasba PK, Ramakrishnan B, Boeggeman E. Structure and function of beta -1,4-galactosyltransferase. Curr Drug Targets. 2008 Apr;9(4):292-309. PMID:18393823
3. ↑ Lin Y, Sun X, Hou X, Qu B, Gao X, Li Q. Effects of glucose on lactose synthesis in mammary epithelial cells from dairy cow. BMC Vet Res. 2016 May 26;12:81. PMID:27229304 doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0704-x
4. ↑ Jadhav SK, Patel KA, Dholakia BB, Khan BM. Structural characterization of a flavonoid glycosyltransferase from Withania somnifera. Bioinformation. 2012;8(19):943-9. doi: 10.6026/97320630008943. Epub 2012 Oct 1. PMID:23144555 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630008943
5. ↑ Uitdehaag JC, Kalk KH, van Der Veen BA, Dijkhuizen L, Dijkstra BW. The cyclization mechanism of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) as revealed by a gamma-cyclodextrin-CGTase complex at 1.8-A resolution. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 3;274(49):34868-76. PMID:10574960
6. ↑ Lethe MCL, Paris V, Wang X, Chan CTY. Similarities in Structure and Function of UDP-Glycosyltransferase Homologs from Human and Plants. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 28;25(5):2782. PMID:38474028 doi:10.3390/ijms25052782
7. ↑ Liu MZ, Wang D, Li Y, Li X, Zong G, Fei S, Yang X, Lin J, Wang X, Shen Y. Crystal Structures of C-glucosyltransferase UGT708C1 Provide Insights into the Mechanism of C-glycosylation. Plant Cell. 2020 Jul 22. pii: tpc.20.00002. doi: 10.1105/tpc.20.00002. PMID:32699169 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.20.00002
8. ↑ Wang TS, Manning SA, Walker S, Kahne D. Isolated peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases from different organisms produce different glycan chain lengths. J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Oct 29;130(43):14068-9. PMID:18834124 doi:10.1021/ja806016y
9. ↑ Abuelizz HA, Mahmud T. Distinct Substrate Specificity and Catalytic Activity of the Pseudoglycosyltransferase VldE. Chem Biol. 2015 Jun 18;22(6):724-33. PMID:26051218 doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.04.021
10. ↑ Yoshida A, Kobayashi K, Manya H, Taniguchi K, Kano H, Mizuno M, Inazu T, Mitsuhashi H, Takahashi S, Takeuchi M, Herrmann R, Straub V, Talim B, Voit T, Topaloglu H, Toda T, Endo T. Muscular dystrophy and neuronal migration disorder caused by mutations in a glycosyltransferase, POMGnT1. Dev Cell. 2001 Nov;1(5):717-24. PMID:11709191
11. ↑ Knegtel RM, Strokopytov B, Penninga D, Faber OG, Rozeboom HJ, Kalk KH, Dijkhuizen L, Dijkstra BW. Crystallographic studies of the interaction of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans strain 251 with natural substrates and products. J Biol Chem. 1995 Dec 8;270(49):29256-64. PMID:7493956