1nau

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[[Image:1nau.png|left|200px]]
 
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==NMR Solution Structure of the Glucagon Antagonist [desHis1, desPhe6, Glu9]Glucagon Amide in the Presence of Perdeuterated Dodecylphosphocholine Micelles==
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The line below this paragraph, containing "STRUCTURE_1nau", creates the "Structure Box" on the page.
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<StructureSection load='1nau' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1nau]]' scene=''>
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== Structural highlights ==
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or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1nau]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1NAU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1NAU FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR, 16 models</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene></td></tr>
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{{STRUCTURE_1nau| PDB=1nau | SCENE= }}
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1nau FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1nau OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1nau PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1nau RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1nau PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1nau ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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== Function ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLUC_HUMAN GLUC_HUMAN] Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes.<ref>PMID:8482423</ref> <ref>PMID:14557443</ref> <ref>PMID:14632334</ref> GLP-1 is a potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin release. Play important roles on gastric motility and the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. May be involved in the suppression of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, independent of the actions of insulin. Have growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium. May also regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin secretion. Increases islet mass through stimulation of islet neogenesis and pancreatic beta cell proliferation. Inhibits beta cell apoptosis.<ref>PMID:8482423</ref> <ref>PMID:14557443</ref> <ref>PMID:14632334</ref> GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon is the principal target for GLP-2 action. Plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. Stimulates intestinal glucose transport and decreases mucosal permeability.<ref>PMID:8482423</ref> <ref>PMID:14557443</ref> <ref>PMID:14632334</ref> Oxyntomodulin significantly reduces food intake. Inhibits gastric emptying in humans. Suppression of gastric emptying may lead to increased gastric distension, which may contribute to satiety by causing a sensation of fullness.<ref>PMID:8482423</ref> <ref>PMID:14557443</ref> <ref>PMID:14632334</ref> Glicentin may modulate gastric acid secretion and the gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity. May play an important role in intestinal mucosal growth in the early period of life.<ref>PMID:8482423</ref> <ref>PMID:14557443</ref> <ref>PMID:14632334</ref>
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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Glucagon, a 29-residue peptide hormone, plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and in diabetes mellitus. Several glucagon antagonists and agonists have been developed, but limited structural information is available to clarify the basis of their biological activity. The solution structure of the potent glucagon antagonist, [desHis1, desPhe6, Glu9]glucagon amide, was determined by homonuclear 2D NMR spectroscopy at pH 6.0 and 37 degrees C in perdeuterated dodecylphosphocholine micelles. The overall backbone root-mean-square deviation (rmsd) for the structured portion (residues 7-29, glucagon numbering) of the micelle-bound 27-residue peptide is 1.36 A for the 15 lowest-energy structures, after restrained molecular dynamics simulation. The structure consists of four regions (segment backbone rmsd in A): an unstructured N-terminal segment between residues 2 and 5 (1.68), an irregular helix between residues 7 and 14 (0.79), a hinge region between residues 15 and 18 (0.54), and a well-defined alpha-helix between residues 19 and 29 (0.33). The two helices form an L-shaped structure with an angle of about 90 degrees between the helix axes. There is an extended hydrophobic cluster, which runs along the inner surface of the L-structure and incorporates the side chains of the hydrophobic residues of each of the amphipathic helices. The outer surface contains the hydrophilic side chains, with two salt bridges (D15-R18 and R17-D21) implied from close approach of the charged groups. This result is the first clear indication of an overall tertiary fold for a glucagon analogue in the micelle-bound state. The relationship of the two helical structural elements may have important implications for the biological activity of the glucagon antagonist.
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===NMR Solution Structure of the Glucagon Antagonist [desHis1, desPhe6, Glu9]Glucagon Amide in the Presence of Perdeuterated Dodecylphosphocholine Micelles===
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NMR solution structure of the glucagon antagonist [desHis1, desPhe6, Glu9]glucagon amide in the presence of perdeuterated dodecylphosphocholine micelles.,Ying J, Ahn JM, Jacobsen NE, Brown MF, Hruby VJ Biochemistry. 2003 Mar 18;42(10):2825-35. PMID:12627948<ref>PMID:12627948</ref>
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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</div>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1nau" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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==See Also==
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The line below this paragraph, {{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_12627948}}, adds the Publication Abstract to the page
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*[[Glucagon|Glucagon]]
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(as it appears on PubMed at http://www.pubmed.gov), where 12627948 is the PubMed ID number.
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== References ==
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<references/>
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{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_12627948}}
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__TOC__
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</StructureSection>
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==About this Structure==
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[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
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1NAU is a [[Single protein]] structure. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1NAU OCA].
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[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Ahn J-M]]
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==Reference==
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[[Category: Brown MF]]
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NMR solution structure of the glucagon antagonist [desHis1, desPhe6, Glu9]glucagon amide in the presence of perdeuterated dodecylphosphocholine micelles., Ying J, Ahn JM, Jacobsen NE, Brown MF, Hruby VJ, Biochemistry. 2003 Mar 18;42(10):2825-35. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12627948 12627948]
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[[Category: Hruby VJ]]
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[[Category: Single protein]]
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[[Category: Jacobsen NE]]
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[[Category: Ahn, J M.]]
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[[Category: Ying J]]
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[[Category: Brown, M F.]]
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[[Category: Hruby, V J.]]
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[[Category: Jacobsen, N E.]]
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[[Category: Ying, J.]]
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[[Category: Helix]]
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[[Category: Turn]]
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''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Sun Jul 27 16:36:50 2008''
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Current revision

NMR Solution Structure of the Glucagon Antagonist [desHis1, desPhe6, Glu9]Glucagon Amide in the Presence of Perdeuterated Dodecylphosphocholine Micelles

PDB ID 1nau

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