3e2t

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[[Image:3e2t_1.jpg|left|300px]]
 
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==The catalytic domain of chicken tryptophan hydroxylase 1 with bound tryptophan==
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The line below this paragraph, containing "STRUCTURE_3e2t", creates the "Structure Box" on the page.
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<StructureSection load='3e2t' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3e2t]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.90&Aring;' scene=''>
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== Structural highlights ==
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or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3e2t]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallus_gallus Gallus gallus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3E2T OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3E2T FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.9&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FE:FE+(III)+ION'>FE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=IMD:IMIDAZOLE'>IMD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PGE:TRIETHYLENE+GLYCOL'>PGE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TRP:TRYPTOPHAN'>TRP</scene></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3e2t FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3e2t OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3e2t PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3e2t RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3e2t PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3e2t ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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===The catalytic domain of chicken tryptophan hydroxylase 1 with bound tryptophan===
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== Function ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TPH1_CHICK TPH1_CHICK]
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== Evolutionary Conservation ==
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[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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Check<jmol>
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<jmolCheckbox>
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<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/e2/3e2t_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
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<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
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<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
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</jmolCheckbox>
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3e2t ConSurf].
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is a mononuclear non-heme iron enzyme, which catalyzes the reaction between tryptophan, O 2, and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4) to produce 5-hydroxytryptophan and 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin. This is the first and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter and hormone serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). We have determined the 1.9 A resolution crystal structure of the catalytic domain (Delta1-100/Delta415-445) of chicken TPH isoform 1 (TPH1) in complex with the tryptophan substrate and an iron-bound imidazole. This is the first structure of any aromatic amino acid hydroxylase with bound natural amino acid substrate. The iron coordination can be described as distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination with His273, His278, and Glu318 (partially bidentate) and one imidazole as ligands. The tryptophan stacks against Pro269 with a distance of 3.9 A between the iron and the tryptophan Czeta3 atom that is hydroxylated. The binding of tryptophan and maybe the imidazole has caused the structural changes in the catalytic domain compared to the structure of the human TPH1 without tryptophan. The structure of chicken TPH1 is more compact, and the loops of residues Leu124-Asp139 and Ile367-Thr369 close around the active site. Similar structural changes are seen in the catalytic domain of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) upon binding of substrate analogues norleucine and thienylalanine to the PAH.BH 4 complex. In fact, the chicken TPH1.Trp.imidazole structure resembles the PAH.BH 4.thienylalanine structure more (root-mean-square deviation for Calpha atoms of 0.90 A) than the human TPH1 structure (root-mean-square deviation of 1.47 A).
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Crystal Structure of Tryptophan Hydroxylase with Bound Amino Acid Substrate.,Windahl MS, Petersen CR, Christensen HE, Harris P Biochemistry. 2008 Oct 21. PMID:18937498<ref>PMID:18937498</ref>
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[[Tryptophan hydroxylase]] is an iron and tetrahydrobiopterin dependent monooxygenase which belongs to the enzyme family of [[aromatic amino acid hydroxylases]].
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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The structure presented here is of the catalytic domain of chicken tryptophan hydroxylase 1 with bound tryptophan substrate.
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</div>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 3e2t" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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==See Also==
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*[[Hydroxylases 3D structures|Hydroxylases 3D structures]]
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== Tryptophan binding ==
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== References ==
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{{STRUCTURE_3e2t| PDB=3e2t | SCENE=3e2t/3e2t_overall/2 }}
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The <scene name='3e2t/3e2t_tryptophan_pocket/1'>tryptophan</scene> is bound in a binding pocket distinct from the tetrahydrobiopterin binding pocket. Hydrogen bonds between tryptophan and TPH are shown by dashed lines and hydrophobic interactions with the semi-circled residues. For residues that are not conserved in phenylalanine hydroxylase (<font color='red'>PAH</font>) and tyrosine hydroxylase (<font color='blue'>TH</font>) the corresponding residues are shown.
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[[Image:3e2t_Trp_interactions.png| 500px]]
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The substrate specificity of TPH1 has been studied previously. These studies have shown that the substrate specificity i mainly controlled by
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<scene name='3e2t/3e2t_tyr236/1'>Tyr236</scene><ref>PMID: 10993738</ref> and <scene name='3e2t/3e2t_phe314/1'>Phe314</scene><ref>PMID: 11747434</ref> <ref>PMID: 11922614</ref>. Tyr236 is also involved in the binding of the tetrahydrobiopterin as seen in the structure of human TPH1 ([[1mlw]]) and in the binding of tryptophan, as seen in this structure. Phe314 is a smaller amino acid than the corresponding tryptophan seen in TH and PAH. Phenylalanine instead of tryptophan at position 314 results in a larger binding cavity in TPH with room for the tryptophan substrate.
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===Structural changes upon tryptophan binding===
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When comparing the structure of chicken TPH1 with structure of the human TPH1 with bound <scene name='User:Michael_Skovbo_Windahl/sandbox/1mlw_dihydrobiopterin/1'>dihydrobiopterin</scene> (entry [[1mlw]]), large structural changes are observed. These structural changes can be understood as the enzyme closing around the active site when tryptophan is bound. The structural changes are illustrated in the figure below showing the structural alignment of two TPH1 structures (3e2t and [[1mlw]]). The positions of Leu130 and Ile366 are shown in the two structures. These two amino acids are positioned on the two loops that move toward each other when tryptophan binds. This movement reduces the distance between the two amino acids by 10 Å.
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[[Image:1mlw_aligned_3e2t.jpg| 500px]]
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Crystal structures of [[phenylalanine hydroxylase]] have been solved with a substrate analogue <scene name='User:Michael_Skovbo_Windahl/sandbox/1mmk_thienylalanine/1'>3-(2-thienyl)-alanine</scene> and tetrahydrobiopterin (entry [[1mmk]]). This structure shows the same compactness as the chicken TPH1 structure with an root mean square deviation of 0.94 Å. In comparison the chicken TPH1 and human TPH1 structure has an r.m.s.d. of 1.47 Å.
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== Iron coordination ==
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<applet load='3e2t' size='400' frame='true' align='right' caption='catalytic domain of TPH1' scene='3e2t/3e2t_overall/2' />
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The <scene name='User:Michael_Skovbo_Windahl/sandbox/3e2t_iron_coordination/3'>iron is coordinated</scene> by 2 histidines, one glutamate and one imidazole from the solvent.
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This coordination is called the 2-histidine-1-glutamate facial triad iron coordination and is seen in many mononuclear non-heme iron(II)enzymes<ref>PMID: 15739104</ref>. In this structure Glu317 coordinates the iron in a partial bidentate manner. The more common <scene name='User:Michael_Skovbo_Windahl/sandbox/1mlw_iron_coordination/3'>octahedral iron coordination</scene> (the resting state) for the 2-His-1-Glu iron coordination is seen in the structure of human TPH1 ([[1mlw]]).
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== Imidazole binding ==
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The <scene name='User:Michael_Skovbo_Windahl/sandbox/3e2t_imidazole_bind/2'>imidazole</scene> is bound to the iron and to the protein chain through two brigding water molecules. The first water molecule makes hydrogen bonds to Gly235 and to Leu237 while the other water molecule makes hydrogen bonds to His252 and Glu274. This binding is similar to the <scene name='User:Michael_Skovbo_Windahl/sandbox/1mlw_bh2_binding/2'>dihydrobiopterin</scene> binding in structure of the catalytic domain of human TPH1 ([[1mlw]]).
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The line below this paragraph, {{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_18937498}}, adds the Publication Abstract to the page
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(as it appears on PubMed at http://www.pubmed.gov), where 18937498 is the PubMed ID number.
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{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_18937498}}
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==About this Structure==
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3E2T is a 1 chain structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallus_gallus Gallus gallus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3E2T OCA].
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==References==
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<ref group="xtra">PMID:18937498</ref><references group="xtra"/>
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<ref group="xtra">PMID: 18055219</ref><references group="xtra"/>
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<references/>
<references/>
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__TOC__
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Gallus gallus]]
[[Category: Gallus gallus]]
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[[Category: Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase]]
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[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase]]
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[[Category: Christensen HEC]]
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[[Category: tryptophan binding]]
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[[Category: Harris P]]
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[[Category: Iron]]
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[[Category: Petersen CR]]
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[[Category: Metal-binding]]
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[[Category: Windahl MS]]
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[[Category: Monooxygenase]]
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[[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
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[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]
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[[Category: Serotonin biosynthesis]]
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[[Category: Christensen, H E.C.]]
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[[Category: Harris, P.]]
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[[Category: Petersen, C R.]]
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[[Category: Windahl, M S.]]
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''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Wed Feb 18 05:15:45 2009''
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Current revision

The catalytic domain of chicken tryptophan hydroxylase 1 with bound tryptophan

PDB ID 3e2t

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Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michael Skovbo Windahl, OCA, David Canner, Eran Hodis

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