2wkq

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[[Image:2wkq.jpg|left|200px]]
 
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==Structure of a photoactivatable Rac1 containing the Lov2 C450A Mutant==
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The line below this paragraph, containing "STRUCTURE_2wkq", creates the "Structure Box" on the page.
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<StructureSection load='2wkq' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2wkq]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.60&Aring;' scene=''>
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== Structural highlights ==
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or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2wkq]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena_sativa Avena sativa] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2WKQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2WKQ FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.6&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FMN:FLAVIN+MONONUCLEOTIDE'>FMN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GTP:GUANOSINE-5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>GTP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene></td></tr>
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{{STRUCTURE_2wkq| PDB=2wkq | SCENE= }}
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2wkq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2wkq OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2wkq PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2wkq RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2wkq PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2wkq ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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== Function ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAC1_HUMAN RAC1_HUMAN] Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages (By similarity). Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. In concert with RAB7A, plays a role in regulating the formation of RBs (ruffled borders) in osteoclasts. In glioma cells, promotes cell migration and invasion.<ref>PMID:1643658</ref> <ref>PMID:9121475</ref> <ref>PMID:19934221</ref> <ref>PMID:19403692</ref> <ref>PMID:20696765</ref> Isoform B has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP/GTP exchange and an impaired GTP hydrolysis, which is restored partially by GTPase-activating proteins. It is able to bind to the GTPase-binding domain of PAK but not full-length PAK in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting that the insertion does not completely abolish effector interaction.<ref>PMID:1643658</ref> <ref>PMID:9121475</ref> <ref>PMID:19934221</ref> <ref>PMID:19403692</ref> <ref>PMID:20696765</ref> [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O49003_AVESA O49003_AVESA]
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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The precise spatio-temporal dynamics of protein activity are often critical in determining cell behaviour, yet for most proteins they remain poorly understood; it remains difficult to manipulate protein activity at precise times and places within living cells. Protein activity has been controlled by light, through protein derivatization with photocleavable moieties or using photoreactive small-molecule ligands. However, this requires use of toxic ultraviolet wavelengths, activation is irreversible, and/or cell loading is accomplished via disruption of the cell membrane (for example, through microinjection). Here we have developed a new approach to produce genetically encoded photoactivatable derivatives of Rac1, a key GTPase regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics in metazoan cells. Rac1 mutants were fused to the photoreactive LOV (light oxygen voltage) domain from phototropin, sterically blocking Rac1 interactions until irradiation unwound a helix linking LOV to Rac1. Photoactivatable Rac1 (PA-Rac1) could be reversibly and repeatedly activated using 458- or 473-nm light to generate precisely localized cell protrusions and ruffling. Localized Rac activation or inactivation was sufficient to produce cell motility and control the direction of cell movement. Myosin was involved in Rac control of directionality but not in Rac-induced protrusion, whereas PAK was required for Rac-induced protrusion. PA-Rac1 was used to elucidate Rac regulation of RhoA in cell motility. Rac and Rho coordinate cytoskeletal behaviours with seconds and submicrometre precision. Their mutual regulation remains controversial, with data indicating that Rac inhibits and/or activates Rho. Rac was shown to inhibit RhoA in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, with inhibition modulated at protrusions and ruffles. A PA-Rac crystal structure and modelling revealed LOV-Rac interactions that will facilitate extension of this photoactivation approach to other proteins.
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===STRUCTURE OF A PHOTOACTIVATABLE RAC1 CONTAINING THE LOV2 C450A MUTANT===
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A genetically encoded photoactivatable Rac controls the motility of living cells.,Wu YI, Frey D, Lungu OI, Jaehrig A, Schlichting I, Kuhlman B, Hahn KM Nature. 2009 Sep 3;461(7260):104-8. Epub 2009 Aug 19. PMID:19693014<ref>PMID:19693014</ref>
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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</div>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2wkq" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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==About this Structure==
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==See Also==
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2WKQ is a 1 chain structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena_sativa,_homo_sapiens Avena sativa, homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2WKQ OCA].
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*[[Rac 3D structures|Rac 3D structures]]
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[[Category: Avena sativa, homo sapiens]]
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== References ==
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[[Category: Frey, D.]]
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<references/>
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[[Category: Hahn, K M.]]
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__TOC__
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[[Category: Jaehrig, A.]]
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</StructureSection>
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[[Category: Kuhlman, B.]]
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[[Category: Lungu, O I.]]
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[[Category: Schlichting, I.]]
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[[Category: Wu, Y I.]]
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[[Category: Adp-ribosylation]]
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[[Category: Alternative splicing]]
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[[Category: Atp-binding]]
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[[Category: Avena sativa]]
[[Category: Avena sativa]]
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[[Category: Avena sativaphosphoprotein]]
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[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
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[[Category: Cell adhesion]]
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[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Cell membrane]]
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[[Category: Frey D]]
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[[Category: Chimera]]
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[[Category: Hahn KM]]
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[[Category: Gtp-binding]]
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[[Category: Jaehrig A]]
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[[Category: Gtpase]]
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[[Category: Kuhlman B]]
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[[Category: Light- induced signal transduction]]
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[[Category: Lungu OI]]
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[[Category: Light-induced signal transduction]]
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[[Category: Schlichting I]]
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[[Category: Lipoprotein]]
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[[Category: Wu YI]]
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[[Category: Lov2]]
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[[Category: Membrane]]
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[[Category: Methylation]]
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[[Category: Nucleotide-binding]]
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[[Category: Nucleotide-binding protein engineering]]
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[[Category: Phototropin1]]
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[[Category: Polymorphism]]
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[[Category: Prenylation]]
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[[Category: Protein design]]
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[[Category: Protein engineering]]
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[[Category: Ras superfamily lov2]]
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[[Category: Rho family]]
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[[Category: Small g-protein]]
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[[Category: Transferase]]
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''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Wed Aug 19 13:21:58 2009''
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Current revision

Structure of a photoactivatable Rac1 containing the Lov2 C450A Mutant

PDB ID 2wkq

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