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Sandbox Reserved 15

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| To get started:
 
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* Click the ''edit this page'' tab at the top. <font color="red">Save the page after each step, then edit it again.</font>
 
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* Click the '''3D''' button (when editing, above the wikitext box) to insert Jmol, similar to the one below.
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== Exploring the Structure ==
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<applet load='3ivx' size='300' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' />
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* '''show''' the Scene authoring tools, create a molecular scene, and save it. Copy the green link into the page.
 
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Click here to see what can be achieved <scene name='Template:Sandbox_Reserved_BioCrys/Metal_centers/5'>green link</scene>
 
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* Add a description of your scene.-Ex. " CotA laccase from ''Bacillus subtilis'' with two '''copper centers'''" -
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Because of its important role in virus infectivity, several anti-viral drugs have been designed to target neuraminidase, including oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza). Oseltamavir binding to neuraminidase moves glutamate 276 towards histidine 274, making more room for oseltamavir to bind tightly (PDB entry 2hu4). But, in a common mutant (H274Y), a larger tyrosine replaces the smaller histidine 274, preventing glutamate 276 from moving to make room for oseltamavir binding, resulting in weaker drug binding and thus resistance (PDB entry 3cl0). Luckily the H274Y neuraminidase mutant is still susceptible to zanamivir, which is smaller than oseltamavir.
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Use the buttons above the wikitext box for''' bold''', ''italics'', [[#|links]], <big><big><b>headlines</b></big></big>, etc.
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More help: [[Help:Editing]]
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H1N1 "Swine Flu" Pandemic Threat in 2009
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Although scientists and public health officials have been worried about an H5N1 "bird flu" pandemic for many years (see next section below), the first new influenza virus to emerge in the twenty-first century[8] that shows pandemic potential is a new H1N1 "swine flu"[9] that was recognized by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in mid-April, 2009[10]. "The viruses contain a unique combination of gene segments that have not been reported previously among swine or human influenza viruses in the U.S. or elsewhere."[11]
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Although, not surprisingly, this emergent flu is resistant to amantadine and rimantadine (see below), as of late April, 2009, it is susceptible to both Tamiflu and Relenza[12].
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The majority of the approximately 500,000 fatalities worldwide during the annual seasonal influenza epidemics occur in old or very young people, or others with weak immune defenses[13]. In contrast, the deaths from new H1N1 "swine flu" in Mexico appear to be occurring in young, otherwise healthy people, although firm data are not yet available. The majority of serious cases, and hospitalizations, in the USA are occurring in younger people. Older people appear to have some immunity since only 1% of cases have occurred in people over 65[14][15]. Indeed, 33% of people over 60 were found to have antibodies against the new H1N1 flu, whereas the percentage in younger people was several-fold less[14][15].
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On April 29, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised its pandemic alert to level five on a six point scale, indicating that a pandemic is imminent (www.who.int). The CDC is maintaining frequent updates at cdc.gov/h1n1flu. A preliminary proteopedia-based analysis of the 2009 H1N1 Swine Flu sequence polymorphisms within the context of protein homology models is also available.
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== Headline text ==
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Revision as of 15:17, 10 October 2010

Exploring the Structure

Because of its important role in virus infectivity, several anti-viral drugs have been designed to target neuraminidase, including oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza). Oseltamavir binding to neuraminidase moves glutamate 276 towards histidine 274, making more room for oseltamavir to bind tightly (PDB entry 2hu4). But, in a common mutant (H274Y), a larger tyrosine replaces the smaller histidine 274, preventing glutamate 276 from moving to make room for oseltamavir binding, resulting in weaker drug binding and thus resistance (PDB entry 3cl0). Luckily the H274Y neuraminidase mutant is still susceptible to zanamivir, which is smaller than oseltamavir.

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