Group:MUZIC:Enigma Family

From Proteopedia

proteopedia linkproteopedia link

Revision as of 09:17, 7 July 2011 (edit) Adekunle Onipe (Talk | contribs) m (→'''''Enigma''''') ← Previous diff		Revision as of 09:31, 7 July 2011 (edit) (undo) Adekunle Onipe (Talk | contribs) m (→'''''Enigma''''') Next diff →
Line 12:		Line 12:
	'''Sequence Annotation'''		'''Sequence Annotation'''
-	The first isoform characterized and described [Q9NR12] [http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9NR12#section_features] <ref>PMID:7929196</ref> is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues and contains 457 amino acids. The PDZ- and LIM-domains are assembled as illustrated thus:[[Image:Enigma.png]]	+	Assembly of the PDZ- and LIM-domains of the first Engima isoform identified and characterized ('''457 amino acids''') is as illustrated below [Q9NR12] [http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9NR12#section_features] <ref>PMID:7929196</ref>:
		+	[[Image:Enigma.png]]
	'''Structure'''		'''Structure'''
-	X-ray crystal structure of the PDZ domain in complex with beta-tropomyosin has recently been solved.	+	X-ray crystal structure of the PDZ domain has recently been solved to 1.11Å.
	'''Function and Interactions'''		'''Function and Interactions'''

---

Revision as of 09:31, 7 July 2011

Contents 1 Enigma family: PDZ- and LIM-domain protein of the cytoskeleton 2 Enigma 3 Enigma Homologue (ENH) protein 4 ZASP/Cypher/Oracle 5 References

Enigma family: PDZ- and LIM-domain protein of the cytoskeleton

Three member proteins have extensively been described and characterized within this subfamily: Enigma protein, Enigma Homologue (ENH) protein and ZASP/Cypher/Oracle ('ZASP'^[1] being the human orthologue of 'Cypher'^[2] which is found in mouse and also identified by independent researchers who named it 'Oracle'^[3]).

Didactically, protein members of the enigma subfamily typically possess within their structure: (1) an N-terminal PDZ domain (a domain which is named after the first three proteins where it was initially characterized i.e. PSD 95, Disc large protein and Zonula Occludens 1), and (2) three C-terminal LIM domain (a domain which is named after the first three proteins where it was characterized i.e. Lin-11, Isl1 and Mec-3)^[4].

The member proteins have all been located to the mammalian muscle cells, some specific to the heart and skeletal muscle Z-disk. They interact via their PDZ domains with motor protein components of the Z-disk and also recruit signalling molecules via their LIM domains or internal motifs, for example ZM motif (ZASP-like motif which is sandwiched between the PDZ- and LIM-domains in ZASP)^[5]. These interactions via their PDZ- and LIM-domains have been suggested to be important for targeting/sustaining interacting protein complexes within the sarcomere for a physiologically functional muscle.

spinqualitylabelsall models NMR structure of the PDZ domain of ENH protein Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image

Enigma

Enigma protein, alternatively referred to as PDLIM7 (PDZ and LIM domain protein 7) is the first and representative member of the Enigma subfamily. Initially characterized in human as ~49.85 kDa protein with an N-terminal PDZ domain and three C-terminal LIM domains ^[6], ^[7]. Five alternatively spliced isoforms are presently identified [1]

Sequence Annotation

Assembly of the PDZ- and LIM-domains of the first Engima isoform identified and characterized (457 amino acids) is as illustrated below [Q9NR12] [2] ^[8]:

Image:Enigma.png

Structure

X-ray crystal structure of the PDZ domain has recently been solved to 1.11Å.

Function and Interactions

Pathology

Enigma Homologue (ENH) protein

Sequence Annotation

Structure

Function and Interactions

Pathology

ZASP/Cypher/Oracle

References

1. ↑ Faulkner G, Pallavicini A, Formentin E, Comelli A, Ievolella C, Trevisan S, Bortoletto G, Scannapieco P, Salamon M, Mouly V, Valle G, Lanfranchi G. ZASP: a new Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein. J Cell Biol. 1999 Jul 26;146(2):465-75. PMID:10427098
2. ↑ Zhou Q, Ruiz-Lozano P, Martone ME, Chen J. Cypher, a striated muscle-restricted PDZ and LIM domain-containing protein, binds to alpha-actinin-2 and protein kinase C. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jul 9;274(28):19807-13. PMID:10391924
3. ↑ Passier R, Richardson JA, Olson EN. Oracle, a novel PDZ-LIM domain protein expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. Mech Dev. 2000 Apr;92(2):277-84. PMID:10727866
4. ↑ Zheng M, Cheng H, Banerjee I, Chen J. ALP/Enigma PDZ-LIM domain proteins in the heart. J Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Apr;2(2):96-102. Epub 2009 Dec 30. PMID:20042479 doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjp038
5. ↑ Wang X, Su H. Unraveling enigma in the z-disks. Circ Res. 2010 Aug 6;107(3):321-3. PMID:20689070 doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.225615
6. ↑ Wu RY, Gill GN. LIM domain recognition of a tyrosine-containing tight turn. J Biol Chem. 1994 Oct 7;269(40):25085-90. PMID:7929196
7. ↑ Guy PM, Kenny DA, Gill GN. The PDZ domain of the LIM protein enigma binds to beta-tropomyosin. Mol Biol Cell. 1999 Jun;10(6):1973-84. PMID:10359609
8. ↑ Wu RY, Gill GN. LIM domain recognition of a tyrosine-containing tight turn. J Biol Chem. 1994 Oct 7;269(40):25085-90. PMID:7929196

>