Ribonuclease

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[[Image:1jvt.png|left|200px|thumb|Crystal Structure of Ribonuclease [[1jvt]]]]
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<StructureSection load="1rta" size="400" color="" frame="true" spin="on" Scene= align="right" caption='Ribonuclease A complex with thymidilic acid tetramer, [[1rta]]' >
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{{STRUCTURE_1jvt| PDB=1jvt | SIZE=400| SCENE=Ribonuclease/Cv/1 |right|CAPTION=Ribonuclease [[1jvt]] }}
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[[Image:1rta.png|left|200px|thumb|Crystal Structure of Ribonuclease [[1rta]]]]
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'''Ribonuclease''' (RNase) degrades RNA. The endonucleases cleave single or double stranded RNA and include RNase III, A, T1 H and P. Exo-RNases remove terminal nucleotide<br /> from the ends of the RNA molecule. They include RNase II D, T, PH, Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase) and oligoribonuclease (ORNase).
 RNase A cleaves C or U of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). RNase BA is RNase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. RNase D degrades 3'-end pre-tRNA. RNase H cleaves RNA/DNA double-strand to produce ssDNA. RNase I cleaves 3'-end of ssRNA. RNase II degrades 3'-end ssRNA. RNase III cleaves rRNA. RNase P is a ribozyme. RNase S is RNase A cleaved by subtilisin. RNase SA is RNase from Streptomyces auerofaciens. RNase T is involved in RNA maturation. RNase T1 cleaves 3'-end G from ssRNA. RNase U2 cleaves 3'-end A from ssRNA. For more details on RNase A see:<br />
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<br />
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[[RNase A]] <br />
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'''Ribonuclease''' (RNase) degrades RNA. The endonucleases cleave single or double stranded RNA and include RNase III, A, T1 H and P. Exo-RNases remove terminal nucleotide<br /> from the ends of the RNA molecule. They include RNase II D, T, PH, Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase) and oligoribonuclease (ORNase).
 RNase A cleaves C or U of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). RNase BA is RNase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. RNase D degrades 3'-end pre-tRNA. RNase H cleaves RNA/DNA double-strand to produce ssDNA. RNase I cleaves 3'-end of ssRNA. RNase II degrades 3'-end ssRNA. RNase III cleaves rRNA. RNase P is a ribozyme. RNase S is RNase A cleaved by subtilisin. RNase SA is RNase from Streptomyces auerofaciens. RNase T is involved in RNA maturation. RNase T1 cleaves 3'-end G from ssRNA. RNase U2 cleaves 3'-end A from ssRNA. For more details on RNase A see<br />
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[[RNase A]]<br />
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[[RNase A Oligomers]]<br />
[[RNase A Oligomers]]<br />
[[RNase A NMR]]<br />
[[RNase A NMR]]<br />
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{{Clear}}
{{Clear}}
==Active Site of Ribonuclease A<ref>PMID:1429575</ref>==
==Active Site of Ribonuclease A<ref>PMID:1429575</ref>==
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Ribonuclease A cleaves RNA strands by catalyzing a transphosphorylation reaction where the 2'-OH of the ribose sugar attacks the neighboring phosphate, releasing the ribose on the the other side of the phosphate. This structure shows ribonuclease A (in blue) bound to short DNA strand composed of four thymidines (in pink). Ribonuclease binds tightly to DNA, but since DNA is missing the 2'-OH, ribonuclease does not cleave it. <scene name='Goodsell_Sandbox/Ribonuclease_catalytic_site/2'>Three amino acids</scene> are shown that are important for catalysis. The 3' carbon on the DNA is shown in red--it is the site where the 2'-OH is connected in RNA. The two histidines perform the proton transfers that are needed in the reaction, and the lysine stabilizes the intermediate that is formed as the 2'-OH attacks the phosphate. Ribonuclease cleaves RNA strands best next to cytidine and uridine nucleotides--the reason for this may be seen in a <scene name='Goodsell_Sandbox/Ribonuclease_recognition/2'>spacefilling representation</scene>. Notice that the small pyrimidine base is surrounded by protein atoms. A larger purine base would not fit well in this space.
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{{STRUCTURE_1rta| PDB=1rta | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Ribonuclease A complex with thymidilic acid tetramer, [[1rta]] }}
 
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Ribonuclease A cleaves RNA strands by catalyzing a transphosphorylation reaction where the 2'-OH of the ribose sugar attacks the neighboring phosphate, releasing the ribose on the the other side of the phosphate. This structure shows ribonuclease A (in blue) bound to short DNA strand composed of four thymidines (in pink). Ribonuclease binds tightly to DNA, but since DNA is missing the 2'-OH, ribonuclease does not cleave it. <scene name='Goodsell_Sandbox/Ribonuclease_catalytic_site/2'>Three amino acids</scene> are shown that are important for catalysis. The 3' carbon on the DNA is shown in red--it is the site where the 2'-OH is connected in RNA. The two histidines perform the proton transfers that are needed in the reaction, and the lysine stabilizes the intermediate that is formed as the 2'-OH attacks the phosphate. Ribonuclease cleaves RNA strands best next to cytidine and uridine nucleotides--the reason for this may be seen in a <scene name='Goodsell_Sandbox/Ribonuclease_recognition/2'>spacefilling representation</scene>. Notice that the small pyrimidine base is surrounded by protein atoms. A larger purine base would not fit well in this space.
 
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Created with the participation of [[User:David S. Goodsell|David S. Goodsell]], [[User:Jaime Prilusky|Jaime Prilusky]], [[User:Eric Martz|Eric Martz]], and [[User:Eran Hodis|Eran Hodis]].
 
{{Clear}}
{{Clear}}
== 3D Structures of Ribonuclease ==
== 3D Structures of Ribonuclease ==
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[[3ie1]], [[3iem]] - TtRNase (mutant) + RNA<br />
[[3ie1]], [[3iem]] - TtRNase (mutant) + RNA<br />
[[3iel]] - TtRNase + nucleotide
[[3iel]] - TtRNase + nucleotide
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</StructureSection>
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]
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*Created with the participation of [[User:David S. Goodsell|David S. Goodsell]], [[User:Jaime Prilusky|Jaime Prilusky]], [[User:Eric Martz|Eric Martz]], and [[User:Eran Hodis|Eran Hodis]].

Revision as of 12:24, 11 July 2012

Ribonuclease A complex with thymidilic acid tetramer, 1rta

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References

  1. ↑ Birdsall DL, McPherson A. Crystal structure disposition of thymidylic acid tetramer in complex with ribonuclease A. J Biol Chem. 1992 Nov 5;267(31):22230-6. PMID:1429575
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