Sandbox Reserved 717
From Proteopedia
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
| - | Bacteriophage T4 belongs to the Myoviridae | + | Bacteriophage T4 belongs to the Myoviridae family and the Caudovirales order because of its complex tail structure with a high number of proteins involved. It infects Escherichia coli bacteria. It is consisting of three parts : a DNA-containing head, a doubles-tubed tail with a contractile outer tail-sheath and a baseplate with short and long tail fibers. |
| + | |||
(image) | (image) | ||
| - | Each bacteriophage T4 baseplate is composed of at least 16 different gene products, also called gp. These gene products can be divided | + | |
| + | Each bacteriophage T4 baseplate is composed of at least 16 different gene products, also called gp which are oligomeric proteins. These gene products can be divided in to groups: the six long and the six short tail fibers (on the schematic representation, they are not all shown). They form a multiprotein machine which plays an important role at the first stage of a phage infection. It is essential for the host cell recognition, the attachment of the bacteriophage and the sheath contraction allowing viral DNA ejection. | ||
== '''Adsorption and penetration phases''' == | == '''Adsorption and penetration phases''' == | ||
| - | First the viral particles recognize and bind reversibly to cell-surface lipopolysaccharide receptors thanks to six long tail fibers which are connected to the baseplate. | + | First, the viral particles recognize and bind reversibly to the outer membrane protein C (OmpC) or the cell-surface lipopolysaccharide receptors thanks to six long tail fibers which are connected to the baseplate. After at least three long tail fibers have bound, the baseplate conformation changes: from a hexagon shape, it becomes a six-pointed star. This change can be the result of changing the interactions between proteins. |
| - | It has two consequences. The first one is the unfolding of the short tail fibers, which are under the baseplate. | + | It has two consequences. The first one is the unfolding of the short tail fibers, which are under the baseplate. Thus, they are able to attach irreversibly to the host cell surface. The second one is the induction of the tail sheath’s contraction. Afterwards the tail tube is driving through the cell membrane. The activated lysozyme domain of gp5 degraded the peptidoglycan layer. To finish, the phage DNA single-stranded is injected into the bacterial cytoplasm through the tail tube. |
| - | == '''Role of | + | == '''Role of gp12''' == |
During the first step of the lytic cycle, the short tail fibers gp12 is attached to the host cell. | During the first step of the lytic cycle, the short tail fibers gp12 is attached to the host cell. | ||
A monomer of gp12 has a mass of 55.3 kDa. '''It is composed of two proteins: 1H6W and 1OCY'''. Each short tail is composed of three repetition of the monomer. Thanks to a three-dimensional cryoelectron microscopy, a reconstruction of the baseplate was determined to a resolution of 12 A. | A monomer of gp12 has a mass of 55.3 kDa. '''It is composed of two proteins: 1H6W and 1OCY'''. Each short tail is composed of three repetition of the monomer. Thanks to a three-dimensional cryoelectron microscopy, a reconstruction of the baseplate was determined to a resolution of 12 A. | ||
Revision as of 17:56, 30 December 2012
1OCY : ONE COMPONENT OF THE SHORT TAIL OF BACTERIOPHAGE T4
(STRUCTURE OF THE RECEPTOR-BINDING DOMAIN OF THE BACTERIOPHAGE T4 SHORT TAIL FIBRE)
Contents |
Description of Bacteriophage T4
Bacteriophage T4 belongs to the Myoviridae family and the Caudovirales order because of its complex tail structure with a high number of proteins involved. It infects Escherichia coli bacteria. It is consisting of three parts : a DNA-containing head, a doubles-tubed tail with a contractile outer tail-sheath and a baseplate with short and long tail fibers.
(image)
Each bacteriophage T4 baseplate is composed of at least 16 different gene products, also called gp which are oligomeric proteins. These gene products can be divided in to groups: the six long and the six short tail fibers (on the schematic representation, they are not all shown). They form a multiprotein machine which plays an important role at the first stage of a phage infection. It is essential for the host cell recognition, the attachment of the bacteriophage and the sheath contraction allowing viral DNA ejection.
Adsorption and penetration phases
First, the viral particles recognize and bind reversibly to the outer membrane protein C (OmpC) or the cell-surface lipopolysaccharide receptors thanks to six long tail fibers which are connected to the baseplate. After at least three long tail fibers have bound, the baseplate conformation changes: from a hexagon shape, it becomes a six-pointed star. This change can be the result of changing the interactions between proteins.
It has two consequences. The first one is the unfolding of the short tail fibers, which are under the baseplate. Thus, they are able to attach irreversibly to the host cell surface. The second one is the induction of the tail sheath’s contraction. Afterwards the tail tube is driving through the cell membrane. The activated lysozyme domain of gp5 degraded the peptidoglycan layer. To finish, the phage DNA single-stranded is injected into the bacterial cytoplasm through the tail tube.
Role of gp12
During the first step of the lytic cycle, the short tail fibers gp12 is attached to the host cell. A monomer of gp12 has a mass of 55.3 kDa. It is composed of two proteins: 1H6W and 1OCY. Each short tail is composed of three repetition of the monomer. Thanks to a three-dimensional cryoelectron microscopy, a reconstruction of the baseplate was determined to a resolution of 12 A. Interaction of the short tail fibers with each other and with the gp11 maintains the hexagon shape stability. The gp11 is also associated with gp10, which is clamped between the three fingers of gp11. This association between gp10 and gp11 is essential for the attachment of gp12 to the baseplate. When a rotation of gp11 around its three-fold axis occurs, the end of the short tail fiber is oriented toward the host cell surface. After the creation of six wedge composed of 3 gp11, 3gp10, 1 gp7, 2 gp8, 2 gp6, gp25 and gp53, is the wedge associated to the hub. Then is 3 gp9 and 3gp12 added.
Structure
|
Short tail fibres consist of the single protein gp12. This protein forms a parallel, in-register, homo-trimer of 527 residues per subunit. 1ocy is a monomer of the short tail fibres. Gp12 can be divided into two fragments. One frgament with a mass of 33kDA and a second fragment with a mass of 45kDa.
The 33kDa fragment
The 33kDa fragment was generated in the presence of EDTA. This fragment contains the residues 85-395 and 518-527. The residues 397-517 are lacking. The 33kDa fragment can be further sub-divided into two subunits. The neck (residue 333-341) and the collar (residues 342-396 plus 518-527). The neck connects the body of the fibre to its C-terminal collar and receptor binding-site. It consists of a triple alpha-helix of residues 333-341.
References
- Thomassen E, Gielen G, Schutz M, Schoehn G, Abrahams JP, Miller S, van Raaij MJ. The structure of the receptor-binding domain of the bacteriophage T4 short tail fibre reveals a knitted trimeric metal-binding fold. J Mol Biol. 2003 Aug 8;331(2):361-73. PMID:12888344
- van Raaij MJ, Schoehn G, Burda MR, Miller S. Crystal structure of a heat and protease-stable part of the bacteriophage T4 short tail fibre. J Mol Biol. 2001 Dec 14;314(5):1137-46. PMID:11743729 doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.5204
- van Raaij MJ, Schoehn G, Jaquinod M, Ashman K, Burda MR, Miller S. Identification and crystallisation of a heat- and protease-stable fragment of the bacteriophage T4 short tail fibre. Biol Chem. 2001 Jul;382(7):1049-55. PMID:11530935 doi:10.1515/BC.2001.131
- Burda MR, Hindennach I, Miller S. Stability of bacteriophage T4 short tail fiber. Biol Chem. 2000 Mar;381(3):255-8. PMID:10782996 doi:10.1515/BC.2000.032
- Burda MR, Miller S. Folding of coliphage T4 short tail fiber in vitro. Analysing the role of a bacteriophage-encoded chaperone. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct;265(2):771-8. PMID:10504409
Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors
Anne-Lise Terrier, Bianca Waßmer
