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| | <StructureSection load='2yin' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2yin]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.70Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='2yin' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2yin]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.70Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2yin]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2YIN OCA]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2yin]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2YIN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2YIN FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2vrw|2vrw]], [[1e96|1e96]], [[1i4d|1i4d]], [[1foe|1foe]], [[1mh1|1mh1]], [[1i4l|1i4l]], [[1he1|1he1]], [[1ryf|1ryf]], [[2wkq|2wkq]], [[1ryh|1ryh]], [[1hh4|1hh4]], [[2wkr|2wkr]], [[2wkp|2wkp]], [[2fju|2fju]], [[1g4u|1g4u]], [[1i4t|1i4t]]</td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2vrw|2vrw]], [[1e96|1e96]], [[1i4d|1i4d]], [[1foe|1foe]], [[1mh1|1mh1]], [[1i4l|1i4l]], [[1he1|1he1]], [[1ryf|1ryf]], [[2wkq|2wkq]], [[1ryh|1ryh]], [[1hh4|1hh4]], [[2wkr|2wkr]], [[2wkp|2wkp]], [[2fju|2fju]], [[1g4u|1g4u]], [[1i4t|1i4t]]</td></tr> |
| - | <tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucokinase Glucokinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.1.2 2.7.1.2] </span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2yin FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2yin OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2yin RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2yin PDBsum]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2yin FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2yin OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2yin RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2yin PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
| + | </table> |
| - | <table> | + | == Function == |
| | + | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAC1_HUMAN RAC1_HUMAN]] Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages (By similarity). Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. In concert with RAB7A, plays a role in regulating the formation of RBs (ruffled borders) in osteoclasts. In glioma cells, promotes cell migration and invasion.<ref>PMID:1643658</ref> <ref>PMID:9121475</ref> <ref>PMID:19934221</ref> <ref>PMID:19403692</ref> <ref>PMID:20696765</ref> Isoform B has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP/GTP exchange and an impaired GTP hydrolysis, which is restored partially by GTPase-activating proteins. It is able to bind to the GTPase-binding domain of PAK but not full-length PAK in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting that the insertion does not completely abolish effector interaction.<ref>PMID:1643658</ref> <ref>PMID:9121475</ref> <ref>PMID:19934221</ref> <ref>PMID:19403692</ref> <ref>PMID:20696765</ref> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | Multiple Factors Confer Specific Cdc42 and Rac Protein Activation by Dedicator of Cytokinesis (DOCK) Nucleotide Exchange Factors.,Kulkarni K, Yang J, Zhang Z, Barford D J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 15;286(28):25341-51. Epub 2011 May 24. PMID:21613211<ref>PMID:21613211</ref> | | Multiple Factors Confer Specific Cdc42 and Rac Protein Activation by Dedicator of Cytokinesis (DOCK) Nucleotide Exchange Factors.,Kulkarni K, Yang J, Zhang Z, Barford D J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 15;286(28):25341-51. Epub 2011 May 24. PMID:21613211<ref>PMID:21613211</ref> |
| | | | |
| - | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | + | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | == References == | | == References == |
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| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Barford, D.]] | + | [[Category: Barford, D]] |
| - | [[Category: Kulkarni, K A.]] | + | [[Category: Kulkarni, K A]] |
| - | [[Category: Yang, J.]] | + | [[Category: Yang, J]] |
| - | [[Category: Zhang, Z.]] | + | [[Category: Zhang, Z]] |
| | [[Category: Apoptosis]] | | [[Category: Apoptosis]] |
| | [[Category: Dock]] | | [[Category: Dock]] |
| | [[Category: Dock guanine nucleotide exchange factor]] | | [[Category: Dock guanine nucleotide exchange factor]] |
| | [[Category: Rho gtpase]] | | [[Category: Rho gtpase]] |
| Structural highlights
2yin is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Related: | 2vrw, 1e96, 1i4d, 1foe, 1mh1, 1i4l, 1he1, 1ryf, 2wkq, 1ryh, 1hh4, 2wkr, 2wkp, 2fju, 1g4u, 1i4t |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, RCSB, PDBsum |
Function
[RAC1_HUMAN] Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages (By similarity). Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. In concert with RAB7A, plays a role in regulating the formation of RBs (ruffled borders) in osteoclasts. In glioma cells, promotes cell migration and invasion.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Isoform B has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP/GTP exchange and an impaired GTP hydrolysis, which is restored partially by GTPase-activating proteins. It is able to bind to the GTPase-binding domain of PAK but not full-length PAK in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting that the insertion does not completely abolish effector interaction.[6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
DOCK (dedicator of cytokinesis) guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) activate the Rho-family GTPases Rac and Cdc42 to control cell migration, morphogenesis, and phagocytosis. The DOCK A and B subfamilies activate Rac, whereas the DOCK D subfamily activates Cdc42. Nucleotide exchange is catalyzed by a conserved DHR2 domain (DOCK(DHR2)). Although the molecular basis for DOCK(DHR2)-mediated GTPase activation has been elucidated through structures of a DOCK9(DHR2)-Cdc42 complex, the factors determining recognition of specific GTPases are unknown. To understand the molecular basis for DOCK-GTPase specificity, we have determined the crystal structure of DOCK2(DHR2) in complex with Rac1. DOCK2(DHR2) and DOCK9(DHR2) exhibit similar tertiary structures and homodimer interfaces and share a conserved GTPase-activating mechanism. Multiple structural differences between DOCK2(DHR2) and DOCK9(DHR2) account for their selectivity toward Rac1 and Cdc42. Key determinants of selectivity of Cdc42 and Rac for their cognate DOCK(DHR2) are a Phe or Trp residue within beta3 (residue 56) and the ability of DOCK proteins to exploit differences in the GEF-induced conformational changes of switch 1 dependent on a divergent residue at position 27. DOCK proteins, therefore, differ from DH-PH GEFs that select their cognate GTPases through recognition of structural differences within the beta2/beta3 strands.
Multiple Factors Confer Specific Cdc42 and Rac Protein Activation by Dedicator of Cytokinesis (DOCK) Nucleotide Exchange Factors.,Kulkarni K, Yang J, Zhang Z, Barford D J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 15;286(28):25341-51. Epub 2011 May 24. PMID:21613211[11]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Ridley AJ, Paterson HF, Johnston CL, Diekmann D, Hall A. The small GTP-binding protein rac regulates growth factor-induced membrane ruffling. Cell. 1992 Aug 7;70(3):401-10. PMID:1643658
- ↑ Vincent S, Settleman J. The PRK2 kinase is a potential effector target of both Rho and Rac GTPases and regulates actin cytoskeletal organization. Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Apr;17(4):2247-56. PMID:9121475
- ↑ Bristow JM, Sellers MH, Majumdar D, Anderson B, Hu L, Webb DJ. The Rho-family GEF Asef2 activates Rac to modulate adhesion and actin dynamics and thereby regulate cell migration. J Cell Sci. 2009 Dec 15;122(Pt 24):4535-46. doi: 10.1242/jcs.053728. Epub 2009, Nov 24. PMID:19934221 doi:10.1242/jcs.053728
- ↑ Hamill KJ, Hopkinson SB, DeBiase P, Jones JC. BPAG1e maintains keratinocyte polarity through beta4 integrin-mediated modulation of Rac1 and cofilin activities. Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Jun;20(12):2954-62. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E09-01-0051. Epub 2009, Apr 29. PMID:19403692 doi:10.1091/mbc.E09-01-0051
- ↑ Li X, Lee AY. Semaphorin 5A and plexin-B3 inhibit human glioma cell motility through RhoGDIalpha-mediated inactivation of Rac1 GTPase. J Biol Chem. 2010 Oct 15;285(42):32436-45. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.120451. Epub, 2010 Aug 9. PMID:20696765 doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.120451
- ↑ Ridley AJ, Paterson HF, Johnston CL, Diekmann D, Hall A. The small GTP-binding protein rac regulates growth factor-induced membrane ruffling. Cell. 1992 Aug 7;70(3):401-10. PMID:1643658
- ↑ Vincent S, Settleman J. The PRK2 kinase is a potential effector target of both Rho and Rac GTPases and regulates actin cytoskeletal organization. Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Apr;17(4):2247-56. PMID:9121475
- ↑ Bristow JM, Sellers MH, Majumdar D, Anderson B, Hu L, Webb DJ. The Rho-family GEF Asef2 activates Rac to modulate adhesion and actin dynamics and thereby regulate cell migration. J Cell Sci. 2009 Dec 15;122(Pt 24):4535-46. doi: 10.1242/jcs.053728. Epub 2009, Nov 24. PMID:19934221 doi:10.1242/jcs.053728
- ↑ Hamill KJ, Hopkinson SB, DeBiase P, Jones JC. BPAG1e maintains keratinocyte polarity through beta4 integrin-mediated modulation of Rac1 and cofilin activities. Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Jun;20(12):2954-62. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E09-01-0051. Epub 2009, Apr 29. PMID:19403692 doi:10.1091/mbc.E09-01-0051
- ↑ Li X, Lee AY. Semaphorin 5A and plexin-B3 inhibit human glioma cell motility through RhoGDIalpha-mediated inactivation of Rac1 GTPase. J Biol Chem. 2010 Oct 15;285(42):32436-45. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.120451. Epub, 2010 Aug 9. PMID:20696765 doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.120451
- ↑ Kulkarni K, Yang J, Zhang Z, Barford D. Multiple Factors Confer Specific Cdc42 and Rac Protein Activation by Dedicator of Cytokinesis (DOCK) Nucleotide Exchange Factors. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 15;286(28):25341-51. Epub 2011 May 24. PMID:21613211 doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.236455
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