2dgm

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria exploit the H+ -consuming reaction catalysed by glutamate decarboxylase to survive the stomach acidity before reaching the intestine. Here we show that chloride, extremely abundant in gastric secretions, is an allosteric activator producing a 10-fold increase in the decarboxylase activity at pH 5.6. Cooperativity and sensitivity to chloride were lost when the N-terminal 14 residues, involved in the formation of two triple-helix bundles, were deleted by mutagenesis. X-ray structures, obtained in the presence of the substrate analogue acetate, identified halide-binding sites at the base of each N-terminal helix, showed how halide binding is responsible for bundle stability and demonstrated that the interconversion between active and inactive forms of the enzyme is a stepwise process. We also discovered an entirely novel structure of the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (aldamine) to be responsible for the reversibly inactivated enzyme. Our results link the entry of chloride ions, via the H+/Cl- exchange activities of ClC-ec1, to the trigger of the acid stress response in the cell when the intracellular proton concentration has not yet reached fatal values.

Escherichia coli acid resistance: pH-sensing, activation by chloride and autoinhibition in GadB.,Gut H, Pennacchietti E, John RA, Bossa F, Capitani G, De Biase D, Grutter MG EMBO J. 2006 Jun 7;25(11):2643-51. Epub 2006 May 4. PMID:16675957^[1]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.