| Structural highlights
Function
[PARP1_HUMAN] Involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, by catalyzing the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a limited number of acceptor proteins involved in chromatin architecture and in DNA metabolism. This modification follows DNA damages and appears as an obligatory step in a detection/signaling pathway leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks. Mediates the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of APLF and CHFR. Positively regulates the transcription of MTUS1 and negatively regulates the transcription of MTUS2/TIP150. With EEF1A1 and TXK, forms a complex that acts as a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell-specific transcription factor and binds the promoter of IFN-gamma to directly regulate its transcription, and is thus involved importantly in Th1 cytokine production.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Through conformational restriction of a benzamide by formation of a seven-membered hydrogen-bond with an oxindole carbonyl group, a series of PARP inhibitors was designed for appropriate orientation for binding to the PARP surface. This series of compounds with a 3-oxoisoindoline-4-carboxamide core structure, displayed modest to good activity against PARP-1 in both intrinsic and cellular assays. SAR studies at the lactam nitrogen of the pharmacophore have suggested that a secondary or tertiary amine is important for cellular potency. An X-ray structure of compound 1e bound to the protein confirmed the formation of a seven-membered intramolecular hydrogen bond. Though revealed previously in peptides, this type of seven-membered intramolecular hydrogen bond is rarely observed in small molecules. Largely due to the formation of the intramolecular hydrogen bond, the 3-oxoisoindoline-4-carboxamide core structure appears to be planar in the X-ray structure. An additional hydrogen bond interaction of the piperidine nitrogen to Gly-888 also contributes to the binding affinity of 1e to PARP-1.
Discovery and SAR of substituted 3-oxoisoindoline-4-carboxamides as potent inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) for the treatment of cancer.,Gandhi VB, Luo Y, Liu X, Shi Y, Klinghofer V, Johnson EF, Park C, Giranda VL, Penning TD, Zhu GD Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Feb 1;20(3):1023-6. Epub 2009 Dec 14. PMID:20045315[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Maruyama T, Nara K, Yoshikawa H, Suzuki N. Txk, a member of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase of the Tec family, forms a complex with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and elongation factor 1alpha and regulates interferon-gamma gene transcription in Th1 cells. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007 Jan;147(1):164-75. PMID:17177976 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03249.x
- ↑ Ahel I, Ahel D, Matsusaka T, Clark AJ, Pines J, Boulton SJ, West SC. Poly(ADP-ribose)-binding zinc finger motifs in DNA repair/checkpoint proteins. Nature. 2008 Jan 3;451(7174):81-5. doi: 10.1038/nature06420. PMID:18172500 doi:10.1038/nature06420
- ↑ Reinemund J, Seidel K, Steckelings UM, Zaade D, Klare S, Rompe F, Katerbaum M, Schacherl J, Li Y, Menk M, Schefe JH, Goldin-Lang P, Szabo C, Olah G, Unger T, Funke-Kaiser H. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) transcriptionally regulates angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) and AT2R binding protein (ATBP) genes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Jun 15;77(12):1795-805. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.02.025., Epub 2009 Mar 19. PMID:19344625 doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2009.02.025
- ↑ Ahel D, Horejsi Z, Wiechens N, Polo SE, Garcia-Wilson E, Ahel I, Flynn H, Skehel M, West SC, Jackson SP, Owen-Hughes T, Boulton SJ. Poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent regulation of DNA repair by the chromatin remodeling enzyme ALC1. Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1240-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1177321. Epub 2009 Aug, 6. PMID:19661379 doi:10.1126/science.1177321
- ↑ Gandhi VB, Luo Y, Liu X, Shi Y, Klinghofer V, Johnson EF, Park C, Giranda VL, Penning TD, Zhu GD. Discovery and SAR of substituted 3-oxoisoindoline-4-carboxamides as potent inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) for the treatment of cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Feb 1;20(3):1023-6. Epub 2009 Dec 14. PMID:20045315 doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.042
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