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3adu

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Revision as of 02:44, 5 August 2016

Human PPARgamma ligand-binding domain in complex with 5-methoxy-indole acetate

Structural highlights

3adu is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Ligands:
Related:	3ads, 3adt, 3adv, 3adw, 3adx
Gene:	PPARgamma (HUMAN)
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

[PPARG_HUMAN] Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer. Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:601665]. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.^[1] Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:604367]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.^[2] ^[3] Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:137800]. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility.

Function

[PPARG_HUMAN] Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.^[4] ^[5] ^[6]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), recognizes various synthetic and endogenous ligands by the ligand-binding domain. Fatty-acid metabolites reportedly activate PPARgamma through conformational changes of the Omega loop. Here, we report that serotonin metabolites act as endogenous agonists for PPARgamma to regulate macrophage function and adipogenesis by directly binding to helix H12. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, is a mimetic agonist of these metabolites. Crystallographic analyses revealed that an indole acetate functions as a common moiety for the recognition by the sub-pocket near helix H12. Intriguingly, a serotonin metabolite and a fatty-acid metabolite each bind to distinct sub-pockets, and the PPARgamma antagonist, T0070907, blocked the fatty-acid agonism, but not that of the serotonin metabolites. Mutational analyses on receptor-mediated transcription and coactivator binding revealed that each metabolite individually uses coregulator and/or heterodimer interfaces in a ligand-type-specific manner. Furthermore, the inhibition of the serotonin metabolism reduced the expression of the endogenous PPARgamma-target gene. Collectively, these results suggest a novel agonism, in which PPARgamma functions as a multiple sensor in response to distinct metabolites.

The nuclear receptor PPARgamma individually responds to serotonin- and fatty acid-metabolites.,Waku T, Shiraki T, Oyama T, Maebara K, Nakamori R, Morikawa K EMBO J. 2010 Oct 6;29(19):3395-407. Epub 2010 Aug 17. PMID:20717101^[7]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Ristow M, Muller-Wieland D, Pfeiffer A, Krone W, Kahn CR. Obesity associated with a mutation in a genetic regulator of adipocyte differentiation. N Engl J Med. 1998 Oct 1;339(14):953-9. PMID:9753710 doi:10.1056/NEJM199810013391403
↑ Hegele RA, Cao H, Frankowski C, Mathews ST, Leff T. PPARG F388L, a transactivation-deficient mutant, in familial partial lipodystrophy. Diabetes. 2002 Dec;51(12):3586-90. PMID:12453919
↑ Agarwal AK, Garg A. A novel heterozygous mutation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene in a patient with familial partial lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jan;87(1):408-11. PMID:11788685
↑ Mukherjee R, Jow L, Croston GE, Paterniti JR Jr. Identification, characterization, and tissue distribution of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms PPARgamma2 versus PPARgamma1 and activation with retinoid X receptor agonists and antagonists. J Biol Chem. 1997 Mar 21;272(12):8071-6. PMID:9065481
↑ Yin Y, Yuan H, Wang C, Pattabiraman N, Rao M, Pestell RG, Glazer RI. 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Mol Endocrinol. 2006 Feb;20(2):268-78. Epub 2005 Sep 8. PMID:16150867 doi:10.1210/me.2005-0197
↑ Park SH, Choi HJ, Yang H, Do KH, Kim J, Lee DW, Moon Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated C/EBP homologous protein enhances nuclear factor-kappaB signals via repression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. J Biol Chem. 2010 Nov 12;285(46):35330-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.136259. Epub 2010, Sep 9. PMID:20829347 doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.136259
↑ Waku T, Shiraki T, Oyama T, Maebara K, Nakamori R, Morikawa K. The nuclear receptor PPARgamma individually responds to serotonin- and fatty acid-metabolites. EMBO J. 2010 Oct 6;29(19):3395-407. Epub 2010 Aug 17. PMID:20717101 doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.197

1 Structural highlights
2 Disease
3 Function
4 Publication Abstract from PubMed
5 See Also
6 References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/3adu"

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Human PPARgamma ligand-binding domain in complex with 5-methoxy-indole acetate==
 <StructureSection load='3adu' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3adu]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.77&Aring;' scene=''>
 == Structural highlights ==
-<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3adu]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ADU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ADU FirstGlance]. <br>
+<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3adu]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ADU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ADU FirstGlance]. <br>
 </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MYI:(5-METHOXY-1H-INDOL-3-YL)ACETIC+ACID'>MYI</scene></td></tr>
 <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3ads|3ads]], [[3adt|3adt]], [[3adv|3adv]], [[3adw|3adw]], [[3adx|3adx]]</td></tr>
-<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">PPARgamma ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
+<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">PPARgamma ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
-<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3adu FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3adu OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3adu RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3adu PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
+<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3adu FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3adu OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3adu PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3adu RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3adu PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3adu ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
 </table>
 == Disease ==
@@ Line 20: / Line 21: @@
 From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
 </div>
+<div class="pdbe-citations 3adu" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
 ==See Also==
@@ Line 27: / Line 29: @@
 __TOC__
 </StructureSection>
-[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
+[[Category: Human]]
 [[Category: Morikawa, K]]
 [[Category: Oyama, T]]

3adu

From Proteopedia

Revision as of 02:44, 5 August 2016

Human PPARgamma ligand-binding domain in complex with 5-methoxy-indole acetate

Structural highlights

Disease

Function

Publication Abstract from PubMed

See Also

References

Contents

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Views

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