Structural highlights
Function
[TRY3_HUMAN] Digestive protease specialized for the degradation of trypsin inhibitors. In the ileum, may be involved in defensin processing, including DEFA5.[1] [2] [AMBP_HUMAN] Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor inhibits trypsin, plasmin, and lysosomal granulocytic elastase. Inhibits calcium oxalate crystallization.[3] Trypstatin is a trypsin inhibitor (By similarity).[4]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Mesotrypsin is an isoform of trypsin that is uniquely resistant to polypeptide trypsin inhibitors and can cleave some inhibitors rapidly. Previous studies have shown that the amyloid precursor protein Kunitz protease inhibitor domain (APPI) is a specific substrate of mesotrypsin, and that stabilization of the APPI cleavage site in a canonical conformation contributes to recognition by mesotrypsin. We hypothesized that other proteins possessing potential cleavage sites stabilized in similar conformation might also be mesotrypsin substrates. Here we evaluated a series of candidate substrates including human Kunitz protease inhibitor domains from amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2), bikunin, hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 2 (HAI2), tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1 (TFPI1), and tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI2), as well as E-selectin, an unrelated protein possessing a potential cleavage site displaying canonical conformation. We find that Kunitz domains within APLP2, bikunin, and HAI2 are cleaved by mesotrypsin with kinetic profiles of specific substrates. TFPI1 and TFPI2 Kunitz domains are cleaved less efficiently by mesotrypsin, and E-selectin is not cleaved at the anticipated site. Cocrystal structures of mesotrypsin with HAI2 and bikunin Kunitz domains reveal the mode of mesotrypsin interaction with its canonical substrates. Our data suggest that major determinants of mesotrypsin substrate specificity include sequence preferences at the P1 and P2' positions along with conformational stabilization of the cleavage site in the canonical conformation. Mesotrypsin upregulation has been previously implicated in cancer progression, and proteolytic clearance of Kunitz protease inhibitors offers potential mechanisms by which mesotrypsin may mediate pathological effects in cancer.
Sequence and Conformational Specificity in Substrate Recognition: Several Human Kunitz Protease Inhibitor Domains Are Specific Substrates of Mesotrypsin.,Pendlebury D, Wang R, Henin RD, Hockla A, Soares AS, Madden BJ, Kazanov MD, Radisky ES J Biol Chem. 2014 Oct 9. pii: jbc.M114.609560. PMID:25301953[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Ghosh D, Porter E, Shen B, Lee SK, Wilk D, Drazba J, Yadav SP, Crabb JW, Ganz T, Bevins CL. Paneth cell trypsin is the processing enzyme for human defensin-5. Nat Immunol. 2002 Jun;3(6):583-90. Epub 2002 May 20. PMID:12021776 doi:10.1038/ni797
- ↑ Szmola R, Kukor Z, Sahin-Toth M. Human mesotrypsin is a unique digestive protease specialized for the degradation of trypsin inhibitors. J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 5;278(49):48580-9. Epub 2003 Sep 24. PMID:14507909 doi:10.1074/jbc.M310301200
- ↑ Atmani F, Khan SR. Characterization of uronic-acid-rich inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystallization isolated from rat urine. Urol Res. 1995;23(2):95-101. PMID:7676539
- ↑ Atmani F, Khan SR. Characterization of uronic-acid-rich inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystallization isolated from rat urine. Urol Res. 1995;23(2):95-101. PMID:7676539
- ↑ Pendlebury D, Wang R, Henin RD, Hockla A, Soares AS, Madden BJ, Kazanov MD, Radisky ES. Sequence and Conformational Specificity in Substrate Recognition: Several Human Kunitz Protease Inhibitor Domains Are Specific Substrates of Mesotrypsin. J Biol Chem. 2014 Oct 9. pii: jbc.M114.609560. PMID:25301953 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.609560
