| Structural highlights
Disease
[TADBP_HUMAN] Defects in TARDBP are the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 10 (ALS10) [MIM:612069]. ALS is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper and lower motor neurons and resulting in fatal paralysis. Sensory abnormalities are absent. Death usually occurs within 2 to 5 years. The etiology of ALS is likely to be multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. The disease is inherited in 5-10% of the cases.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]
Function
[TADBP_HUMAN] DNA and RNA-binding protein which regulates transcription and splicing. Involved in the regulation of CFTR splicing. It promotes CFTR exon 9 skipping by binding to the UG repeated motifs in the polymorphic region near the 3'-splice site of this exon. The resulting aberrant splicing is associated with pathological features typical of cystic fibrosis. May also be involved in microRNA biogenesis, apoptosis and cell division. Can repress HIV-1 transcription by binding to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. Stabilizes the low molecular weight neurofilament (NFL) mRNA through a direct interaction with the 3' UTR.[14] [15]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
TDP-43 is an important pathological protein that aggregates in the diseased neuronal cells and is linked to various neurodegenerative disorders. In normal cells, TDP-43 is primarily an RNA-binding protein; however, how the dimeric TDP-43 binds RNA via its two RNA recognition motifs, RRM1 and RRM2, is not clear. Here we report the crystal structure of human TDP-43 RRM1 in complex with a single-stranded DNA showing that RRM1 binds the nucleic acid extensively not only by the conserved beta-sheet residues but also by the loop residues. Mutational and biochemical assays further reveal that both RRMs in TDP-43 dimers participate in binding of UG-rich RNA or TG-rich DNA with RRM1 playing a dominant role and RRM2 playing a supporting role. Moreover, RRM1 of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked mutant D169G binds DNA as efficiently as the wild type; nevertheless, it is more resistant to thermal denaturation, suggesting that the resistance to degradation is likely linked to TDP-43 proteinopathies. Taken together all the data, we suggest a model showing that the two RRMs in each protomer of TDP-43 homodimer work together in RNA binding and thus the dimeric TDP-43 recognizes long clusters of UG-rich RNA to achieve high affinity and specificity.
The crystal structure of TDP-43 RRM1-DNA complex reveals the specific recognition for UG- and TG-rich nucleic acids.,Kuo PH, Chiang CH, Wang YT, Doudeva LG, Yuan HS Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Apr;42(7):4712-22. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt1407. Epub 2014, Jan 23. PMID:24464995[16]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Elden AC, Kim HJ, Hart MP, Chen-Plotkin AS, Johnson BS, Fang X, Armakola M, Geser F, Greene R, Lu MM, Padmanabhan A, Clay-Falcone D, McCluskey L, Elman L, Juhr D, Gruber PJ, Rub U, Auburger G, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM, Van Deerlin VM, Bonini NM, Gitler AD. Ataxin-2 intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions are associated with increased risk for ALS. Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):1069-75. doi: 10.1038/nature09320. PMID:20740007 doi:10.1038/nature09320
- ↑ Gitcho MA, Baloh RH, Chakraverty S, Mayo K, Norton JB, Levitch D, Hatanpaa KJ, White CL 3rd, Bigio EH, Caselli R, Baker M, Al-Lozi MT, Morris JC, Pestronk A, Rademakers R, Goate AM, Cairns NJ. TDP-43 A315T mutation in familial motor neuron disease. Ann Neurol. 2008 Apr;63(4):535-8. doi: 10.1002/ana.21344. PMID:18288693 doi:10.1002/ana.21344
- ↑ Yokoseki A, Shiga A, Tan CF, Tagawa A, Kaneko H, Koyama A, Eguchi H, Tsujino A, Ikeuchi T, Kakita A, Okamoto K, Nishizawa M, Takahashi H, Onodera O. TDP-43 mutation in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2008 Apr;63(4):538-42. doi: 10.1002/ana.21392. PMID:18438952 doi:10.1002/ana.21392
- ↑ Van Deerlin VM, Leverenz JB, Bekris LM, Bird TD, Yuan W, Elman LB, Clay D, Wood EM, Chen-Plotkin AS, Martinez-Lage M, Steinbart E, McCluskey L, Grossman M, Neumann M, Wu IL, Yang WS, Kalb R, Galasko DR, Montine TJ, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM, Schellenberg GD, Yu CE. TARDBP mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with TDP-43 neuropathology: a genetic and histopathological analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2008 May;7(5):409-16. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70071-1. Epub, 2008 Apr 7. PMID:18396105 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70071-1
- ↑ Kabashi E, Valdmanis PN, Dion P, Spiegelman D, McConkey BJ, Vande Velde C, Bouchard JP, Lacomblez L, Pochigaeva K, Salachas F, Pradat PF, Camu W, Meininger V, Dupre N, Rouleau GA. TARDBP mutations in individuals with sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Genet. 2008 May;40(5):572-4. doi: 10.1038/ng.132. Epub 2008 Mar 30. PMID:18372902 doi:10.1038/ng.132
- ↑ Sreedharan J, Blair IP, Tripathi VB, Hu X, Vance C, Rogelj B, Ackerley S, Durnall JC, Williams KL, Buratti E, Baralle F, de Belleroche J, Mitchell JD, Leigh PN, Al-Chalabi A, Miller CC, Nicholson G, Shaw CE. TDP-43 mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1668-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1154584. Epub 2008, Feb 28. PMID:18309045 doi:10.1126/science.1154584
- ↑ Benajiba L, Le Ber I, Camuzat A, Lacoste M, Thomas-Anterion C, Couratier P, Legallic S, Salachas F, Hannequin D, Decousus M, Lacomblez L, Guedj E, Golfier V, Camu W, Dubois B, Campion D, Meininger V, Brice A. TARDBP mutations in motoneuron disease with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Ann Neurol. 2009 Apr;65(4):470-3. doi: 10.1002/ana.21612. PMID:19350673 doi:10.1002/ana.21612
- ↑ Corrado L, Ratti A, Gellera C, Buratti E, Castellotti B, Carlomagno Y, Ticozzi N, Mazzini L, Testa L, Taroni F, Baralle FE, Silani V, D'Alfonso S. High frequency of TARDBP gene mutations in Italian patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mutat. 2009 Apr;30(4):688-94. doi: 10.1002/humu.20950. PMID:19224587 doi:10.1002/humu.20950
- ↑ Borroni B, Bonvicini C, Alberici A, Buratti E, Agosti C, Archetti S, Papetti A, Stuani C, Di Luca M, Gennarelli M, Padovani A. Mutation within TARDBP leads to frontotemporal dementia without motor neuron disease. Hum Mutat. 2009 Nov;30(11):E974-83. doi: 10.1002/humu.21100. PMID:19655382 doi:10.1002/humu.21100
- ↑ Luquin N, Yu B, Saunderson RB, Trent RJ, Pamphlett R. Genetic variants in the promoter of TARDBP in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuromuscul Disord. 2009 Oct;19(10):696-700. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.07.005. Epub, 2009 Aug 19. PMID:19695877 doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2009.07.005
- ↑ Chio A, Borghero G, Pugliatti M, Ticca A, Calvo A, Moglia C, Mutani R, Brunetti M, Ossola I, Marrosu MG, Murru MR, Floris G, Cannas A, Parish LD, Cossu P, Abramzon Y, Johnson JO, Nalls MA, Arepalli S, Chong S, Hernandez DG, Traynor BJ, Restagno G. Large proportion of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases in Sardinia due to a single founder mutation of the TARDBP gene. Arch Neurol. 2011 May;68(5):594-8. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.352. Epub 2011, Jan 10. PMID:21220647 doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.352
- ↑ Orru S, Manolakos E, Orru N, Kokotas H, Mascia V, Carcassi C, Petersen MB. High frequency of the TARDBP p.Ala382Thr mutation in Sardinian patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Genet. 2012 Feb;81(2):172-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01668.x. Epub, 2011 Apr 18. PMID:21418058 doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01668.x
- ↑ Chiang HH, Andersen PM, Tysnes OB, Gredal O, Christensen PB, Graff C. Novel TARDBP mutations in Nordic ALS patients. J Hum Genet. 2012 May;57(5):316-9. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2012.24. Epub 2012 Mar 29. PMID:22456481 doi:10.1038/jhg.2012.24
- ↑ Strong MJ, Volkening K, Hammond R, Yang W, Strong W, Leystra-Lantz C, Shoesmith C. TDP43 is a human low molecular weight neurofilament (hNFL) mRNA-binding protein. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2007 Jun;35(2):320-7. Epub 2007 Mar 20. PMID:17481916 doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2007.03.007
- ↑ Buratti E, Dork T, Zuccato E, Pagani F, Romano M, Baralle FE. Nuclear factor TDP-43 and SR proteins promote in vitro and in vivo CFTR exon 9 skipping. EMBO J. 2001 Apr 2;20(7):1774-84. PMID:11285240 doi:10.1093/emboj/20.7.1774
- ↑ Kuo PH, Chiang CH, Wang YT, Doudeva LG, Yuan HS. The crystal structure of TDP-43 RRM1-DNA complex reveals the specific recognition for UG- and TG-rich nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Apr;42(7):4712-22. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt1407. Epub 2014, Jan 23. PMID:24464995 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1407
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