| Structural highlights
Function
[XIP1_WHEAT] Fungal xylanase inhibitor. Possesses competitive inhibiting activity against fungal endo-1,4-beta-D-xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10) and family 11 (GH11). Possesses also inhibitory activity towards barley alpha-amylases. Binding to xylanases or amylases is necessary for inhibition activity. May function in plant defense against secreted fungal pathogen xylanases. Is similar to class III chitinases, but does not exhibit chitinase activity.[1] [2] [3] [4] [XYNC_EMENI] Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase involved in the hydrolysis of xylan, a major structural heterogeneous polysaccharide found in plant biomass representing the second most abundant polysaccharide in the biosphere, after cellulose.[5] [6]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The xylanase inhibitor protein I (XIP-I) from wheat Triticum aestivum is the prototype of a novel class of cereal protein inhibitors that inhibit fungal xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 10 (GH10) and 11 (GH11). The crystal structures of XIP-I in complex with Aspergillus nidulans (GH10) and Penicillium funiculosum (GH11) xylanases have been solved at 1.7 and 2.5 A resolution, respectively. The inhibition strategy is novel because XIP-I possesses two independent enzyme-binding sites, allowing binding to two glycoside hydrolases that display a different fold. Inhibition of the GH11 xylanase is mediated by the insertion of an XIP-I Pi-shaped loop (Lalpha(4)beta(5)) into the enzyme active site, whereas residues in the helix alpha7 of XIP-I, pointing into the four central active site subsites, are mainly responsible for the reversible inactivation of GH10 xylanases. The XIP-I strategy for inhibition of xylanases involves substrate-mimetic contacts and interactions occluding the active site. The structural determinants of XIP-I specificity demonstrate that the inhibitor is able to interact with GH10 and GH11 xylanases of both fungal and bacterial origin. The biological role of the xylanase inhibitors is discussed in light of the present structural data.
The dual nature of the wheat xylanase protein inhibitor XIP-I: structural basis for the inhibition of family 10 and family 11 xylanases.,Payan F, Leone P, Porciero S, Furniss C, Tahir T, Williamson G, Durand A, Manzanares P, Gilbert HJ, Juge N, Roussel A J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 20;279(34):36029-37. Epub 2004 Jun 4. PMID:15181003[7]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Elliott GO, Hughes RK, Juge N, Kroon PA, Williamson G. Functional identification of the cDNA coding for a wheat endo-1,4-beta-D-xylanase inhibitor. FEBS Lett. 2002 May 22;519(1-3):66-70. PMID:12023019
- ↑ McLauchlan WR, Garcia-Conesa MT, Williamson G, Roza M, Ravestein P, Maat J. A novel class of protein from wheat which inhibits xylanases. Biochem J. 1999 Mar 1;338 ( Pt 2):441-6. PMID:10024521
- ↑ Flatman R, McLauchlan WR, Juge N, Furniss C, Berrin JG, Hughes RK, Manzanares P, Ladbury JE, O'Brien R, Williamson G. Interactions defining the specificity between fungal xylanases and the xylanase-inhibiting protein XIP-I from wheat. Biochem J. 2002 Aug 1;365(Pt 3):773-81. PMID:11955286 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20020168
- ↑ Sancho AI, Faulds CB, Svensson B, Bartolome B, Williamson G, Juge N. Cross-inhibitory activity of cereal protein inhibitors against alpha-amylases and xylanases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Aug 21;1650(1-2):136-44. PMID:12922177
- ↑ MacCabe AP, Fernandez-Espinar MT, de Graaff LH, Visser J, Ramon D. Identification, isolation and sequence of the Aspergillus nidulans xlnC gene encoding the 34-kDa xylanase. Gene. 1996 Oct 10;175(1-2):29-33. PMID:8917072
- ↑ Bauer S, Vasu P, Persson S, Mort AJ, Somerville CR. Development and application of a suite of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes for analyzing plant cell walls. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jul 25;103(30):11417-22. Epub 2006 Jul 14. PMID:16844780 doi:http://dx.doi.org/0604632103
- ↑ Payan F, Leone P, Porciero S, Furniss C, Tahir T, Williamson G, Durand A, Manzanares P, Gilbert HJ, Juge N, Roussel A. The dual nature of the wheat xylanase protein inhibitor XIP-I: structural basis for the inhibition of family 10 and family 11 xylanases. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 20;279(34):36029-37. Epub 2004 Jun 4. PMID:15181003 doi:10.1074/jbc.M404225200
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