| Structural highlights
Function
[HPRK_LACCA] Catalyzes the ATP- as well as the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of 'Ser-46' in HPr, a phosphocarrier protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). HprK/P also catalyzes the pyrophosphate-producing, inorganic phosphate-dependent dephosphorylation (phosphorolysis) of seryl-phosphorylated HPr (P-Ser-HPr). The two antagonistic activities of HprK/P are regulated by several intracellular metabolites, which change their concentration in response to the absence or presence of rapidly metabolisable carbon sources (glucose, fructose, etc.) in the growth medium. Therefore, by controlling the phosphorylation state of HPr, HPrK/P is a sensor enzyme that plays a major role in the regulation of carbon metabolism and sugar transport: it mediates carbon catabolite repression (CCR), and regulates PTS-catalyzed carbohydrate uptake and inducer exclusion.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01249] [PTHP_BACSU] General (non sugar-specific) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS). This major carbohydrate active-transport system catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is transferred to the phosphoryl carrier protein HPr by enzyme I. Phospho-HPr then transfers it to the permease (enzymes II/III).[1] [2] P-Ser-HPr interacts with the catabolite control protein A (CcpA), forming a complex that binds to DNA at the catabolite response elements cre, operator sites preceding a large number of catabolite-regulated genes. Thus, P-Ser-HPr is a corepressor in carbon catabolite repression (CCR), a mechanism that allows bacteria to coordinate and optimize the utilization of available carbon sources. P-Ser-HPr also plays a role in inducer exclusion, in which it probably interacts with several non-PTS permeases and inhibits their transport activity.[3] [4]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
HPr kinase/phosphorylase (HprK/P) controls the phosphorylation state of the phosphocarrier protein HPr and regulates the utilization of carbon sources by Gram-positive bacteria. It catalyzes both the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-46 of HPr and its dephosphorylation by phosphorolysis. The latter reaction uses inorganic phosphate as substrate and produces pyrophosphate. We present here two crystal structures of a complex of the catalytic domain of Lactobacillus casei HprK/P with Bacillus subtilis HPr, both at 2.8-A resolution. One of the structures was obtained in the presence of excess pyrophosphate, reversing the phosphorolysis reaction and contains serine-phosphorylated HPr. The complex has six HPr molecules bound to the hexameric kinase. Two adjacent enzyme subunits are in contact with each HPr molecule, one through its active site and the other through its C-terminal helix. In the complex with serine-phosphorylated HPr, a phosphate ion is in a position to perform a nucleophilic attack on the phosphoserine. Although the mechanism of the phosphorylation reaction resembles that of eukaryotic protein kinases, the dephosphorylation by inorganic phosphate is unique to the HprK/P family of kinases. This study provides the structure of a protein kinase in complex with its protein substrate, giving insights into the chemistry of the phospho-transfer reactions in both directions.
X-ray structure of a bifunctional protein kinase in complex with its protein substrate HPr.,Fieulaine S, Morera S, Poncet S, Mijakovic I, Galinier A, Janin J, Deutscher J, Nessler S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 15;99(21):13437-41. Epub 2002 Oct 1. PMID:12359875[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Deutscher J, Reizer J, Fischer C, Galinier A, Saier MH Jr, Steinmetz M. Loss of protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of HPr, a phosphocarrier protein of the phosphotransferase system, by mutation of the ptsH gene confers catabolite repression resistance to several catabolic genes of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1994 Jun;176(11):3336-44. PMID:8195089
- ↑ Fujita Y, Miwa Y, Galinier A, Deutscher J. Specific recognition of the Bacillus subtilis gnt cis-acting catabolite-responsive element by a protein complex formed between CcpA and seryl-phosphorylated HPr. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Sep;17(5):953-60. PMID:8596444
- ↑ Deutscher J, Reizer J, Fischer C, Galinier A, Saier MH Jr, Steinmetz M. Loss of protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of HPr, a phosphocarrier protein of the phosphotransferase system, by mutation of the ptsH gene confers catabolite repression resistance to several catabolic genes of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1994 Jun;176(11):3336-44. PMID:8195089
- ↑ Fujita Y, Miwa Y, Galinier A, Deutscher J. Specific recognition of the Bacillus subtilis gnt cis-acting catabolite-responsive element by a protein complex formed between CcpA and seryl-phosphorylated HPr. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Sep;17(5):953-60. PMID:8596444
- ↑ Fieulaine S, Morera S, Poncet S, Mijakovic I, Galinier A, Janin J, Deutscher J, Nessler S. X-ray structure of a bifunctional protein kinase in complex with its protein substrate HPr. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 15;99(21):13437-41. Epub 2002 Oct 1. PMID:12359875 doi:10.1073/pnas.192368699
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