Sandbox Reserved 1125

This gene encodes a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of proteins. These proteins are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Proteolysis at different sites on this protein results in multiple active forms of the enzyme with distinct N-termini. MMP-8 also called neutrophil collagenase or collagenase 2, collagenases are characterized for their abilities to cleave triple-helical regions of interstitial collagnes (types I, II, and III) at a site about three-fourths away from the N-terminus. The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.^[1]

To see

[1] [2] ^[2]

Structure

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Thanks to X-ray crystallography, the structure of 2OY4 has been solved with 1,7 Å resolution. This enzyme consists of and .

Pocket interaction

Ca2+

CA pocket interaction

The active site of the enzyme is composed by two Gly residues (169 and 171) next to two Asp residues (137 and 173). maintain a Zn2+ atom coordinated with three water molecules. One of them is as well bound to the Glu residue thanks to a hydrogen bond. The second Zn2+ atom is not involved in the active site. At first, the Gly 206 residue of the substrate binds the active site thanks to the Zn2+ atom. When it binds it takes the place of unstable water molecules and establishes stabilizing interactions with the active site thanks to its C terminal part. Then, the Ala 182 residue of the enzyme makes a hydrogen bond with the NH group of the substrate: this allows the substrate to enter the cavity of the catalytic site. The rest of the protein is stabilized by 4 hydrogen bonds with the amino acid located in the cavity.

Zn2+

ZN pocket interaction

The active site of the enzyme is composed by one Asp residue (149) next to three His residues (147, 162 and 175). maintain a Zn2+ atom coordinated with three water molecules. One of them is as well bound to the Glu residue thanks to a hydrogen bond. The second Zn2+ atom is not involved in the active site. At first, the Gly 206 residue of the substrate binds the active site thanks to the Zn2+ atom. When it binds it takes the place of unstable water molecules and establishes stabilizing interactions with the active site thanks to its C terminal part. Then, the Ala 182 residue of the enzyme makes a hydrogen bond with the NH group of the substrate: this allows the substrate to enter the cavity of the catalytic site. The rest of the protein is stabilized by 4 hydrogen bonds with the amino acid located in the cavity.

Function

The MMPs are secreted as inactive proproteins and then activated after a cleavage by extracellular proteinases.

Disease

Relevance

Structural highlights

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