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3drm

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Revision as of 09:51, 14 November 2018

2.2 Angstrom Crystal Structure of Thr114Phe Alpha1-Antitrypsin

Structural highlights

3drm is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Related:	3dru
Gene:	SERPINA1, AAT, PI, PRO0684, PRO2209 (HUMAN)
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

[A1AT_HUMAN] Defects in SERPINA1 are the cause of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) [MIM:613490]. A disorder whose most common manifestation is emphysema, which becomes evident by the third to fourth decade. A less common manifestation of the deficiency is liver disease, which occurs in children and adults, and may result in cirrhosis and liver failure. Environmental factors, particularly cigarette smoking, greatly increase the risk of emphysema at an earlier age.^[1] ^[2] ^[3]

Function

[A1AT_HUMAN] Inhibitor of serine proteases. Its primary target is elastase, but it also has a moderate affinity for plasmin and thrombin. Irreversibly inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasminogen activator. The aberrant form inhibits insulin-induced NO synthesis in platelets, decreases coagulation time and has proteolytic activity against insulin and plasmin.[:]^[4] ^[5] Short peptide from AAT: reversible chymotrypsin inhibitor. It also inhibits elastase, but not trypsin. Its major physiological function is the protection of the lower respiratory tract against proteolytic destruction by human leukocyte elastase (HLE).[:]^[6] ^[7]

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The common Z mutant (Glu342Lys) of alpha(1)-antitrypsin results in the formation of polymers that are retained within hepatocytes. This causes liver disease whilst the plasma deficiency of an important proteinase inhibitor predisposes to emphysema. The Thr114Phe and Gly117Phe mutations border a surface cavity identified as a target for rational drug design. These mutations preserve inhibitory activity but reduce the polymerisation of wild-type native alpha(1)-antitrypsin in vitro and increase secretion in a Xenopus oocyte model of disease. To understand these effects, we have crystallised both mutants and solved their structures. The 2.2 A structure of Thr114Phe alpha(1)-antitrypsin demonstrates that the effects of the mutation are mediated entirely by well-defined partial cavity blockade and allows in silico screening of fragments capable of mimicking the effects of the mutation. The Gly117Phe mutation operates differently, repacking aromatic side chains in the helix F-beta-sheet A interface to induce a half-turn downward shift of the adjacent F helix. We have further characterised the effects of these two mutations in combination with the Z mutation in a eukaryotic cell model of disease. Both mutations increase the secretion of Z alpha(1)-antitrypsin in the native conformation, but the double mutants remain more polymerogenic than the wild-type (M) protein. Taken together, these data support different mechanisms by which the Thr114Phe and Gly117Phe mutations stabilise the native fold of alpha(1)-antitrypsin and increase secretion of monomeric protein in cell models of disease.

Crystallographic and cellular characterisation of two mechanisms stabilising the native fold of alpha1-antitrypsin: implications for disease and drug design.,Gooptu B, Miranda E, Nobeli I, Mallya M, Purkiss A, Brown SC, Summers C, Phillips RL, Lomas DA, Barrett TE J Mol Biol. 2009 Apr 10;387(4):857-68. Epub 2009 Feb 14. PMID:19232354^[8]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Seyama K, Nukiwa T, Takabe K, Takahashi H, Miyake K, Kira S. Siiyama (serine 53 (TCC) to phenylalanine 53 (TTC)). A new alpha 1-antitrypsin-deficient variant with mutation on a predicted conserved residue of the serpin backbone. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jul 5;266(19):12627-32. PMID:1905728
↑ Holmes MD, Brantly ML, Fells GA, Crystal RG. Alpha 1-antitrypsin Wbethesda: molecular basis of an unusual alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency variant. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Aug 16;170(3):1013-20. PMID:2390072
↑ Graham A, Kalsheker NA, Bamforth FJ, Newton CR, Markham AF. Molecular characterisation of two alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency variants: proteinase inhibitor (Pi) Null(Newport) (Gly115----Ser) and (Pi) Z Wrexham (Ser-19----Leu). Hum Genet. 1990 Oct;85(5):537-40. PMID:2227940
↑ Tanaka N, Sekiya S, Takamizawa H, Kato N, Moriyama Y, Fujimura S. Characterization of a 54 kDa, alpha 1-antitrypsin-like protein isolated from ascitic fluid of an endometrial cancer patient. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1991 Jun;82(6):693-700. PMID:1906855
↑ Niemann MA, Narkates AJ, Miller EJ. Isolation and serine protease inhibitory activity of the 44-residue, C-terminal fragment of alpha 1-antitrypsin from human placenta. Matrix. 1992 Jun;12(3):233-41. PMID:1406456
↑ Tanaka N, Sekiya S, Takamizawa H, Kato N, Moriyama Y, Fujimura S. Characterization of a 54 kDa, alpha 1-antitrypsin-like protein isolated from ascitic fluid of an endometrial cancer patient. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1991 Jun;82(6):693-700. PMID:1906855
↑ Niemann MA, Narkates AJ, Miller EJ. Isolation and serine protease inhibitory activity of the 44-residue, C-terminal fragment of alpha 1-antitrypsin from human placenta. Matrix. 1992 Jun;12(3):233-41. PMID:1406456
↑ Gooptu B, Miranda E, Nobeli I, Mallya M, Purkiss A, Brown SC, Summers C, Phillips RL, Lomas DA, Barrett TE. Crystallographic and cellular characterisation of two mechanisms stabilising the native fold of alpha1-antitrypsin: implications for disease and drug design. J Mol Biol. 2009 Apr 10;387(4):857-68. Epub 2009 Feb 14. PMID:19232354 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.01.069

1 Structural highlights
2 Disease
3 Function
4 Evolutionary Conservation
5 Publication Abstract from PubMed
6 See Also
7 References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/3drm"

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==2.2 Angstrom Crystal Structure of Thr114Phe Alpha1-Antitrypsin==
 <StructureSection load='3drm' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3drm]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
@@ Line 5: / Line 6: @@
 </td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3dru|3dru]]</td></tr>
 <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">SERPINA1, AAT, PI, PRO0684, PRO2209 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
-<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3drm FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3drm OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3drm PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3drm RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3drm PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
+<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3drm FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3drm OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3drm PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3drm RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3drm PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3drm ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
 </table>
 == Disease ==
@@ Line 15: / Line 16: @@
 Check<jmol>
   <jmolCheckbox>
-    <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/dr/3drm_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
+    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/dr/3drm_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
@@ Line 47: / Line 48: @@
 [[Category: Acute phase]]
 [[Category: Alpha1-antitrypsin]]
+[[Category: Alternative splicing]]
 [[Category: Blood coagulation]]
 [[Category: Cirrhosis]]
@@ Line 56: / Line 58: @@
 [[Category: Hydrolase inhibitor]]
 [[Category: Polymerisation]]
+[[Category: Polymorphism]]
 [[Category: Protease]]
 [[Category: Protease inhibitor]]

3drm

From Proteopedia

Revision as of 09:51, 14 November 2018

2.2 Angstrom Crystal Structure of Thr114Phe Alpha1-Antitrypsin

Structural highlights

Disease

Function

Evolutionary Conservation

Publication Abstract from PubMed

See Also

References

Contents

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Views

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