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1os4

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Revision as of 07:23, 15 February 2018

Dehydrated T6 human insulin at 295 K

Structural highlights

1os4 is a 12 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Ligands:
Related:	1mso, 4ins, 3ins
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

[INS_HUMAN] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:176730].^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:125852]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.^[5] Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:606176]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.^[6] ^[7] Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:613370]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.^[8] ^[9] ^[10]

Function

[INS_HUMAN] Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The structure of the T(6) hexameric form of human insulin has been determined at both room temperature and 100 K from a single air-dried crystal. At 100 K, the space group is R3 and the asymmetric unit consists of a dimer, as has been observed previously in hydrated structures. At room temperature, the space group is P1 and the unit cell contains a quasi-threefold-symmetric hexamer. In the absence of stabilizing water interactions, the N-termini of all six A chains in the room-temperature structure appear to have undergone partial unfolding, but the N-termini of these chains are well ordered in the 100 K structure. Other differences between the room-temperature and 100 K structures involve the coordination around the zinc ions. At 100 K, both zinc ions clearly exhibit dual coordination: zinc is octahedrally coordinated in one half of the zinc sites but tetrahedrally coordinated in the other half; at room temperature, the electron densities suggest tetrahedral coordination but the bond distances to the fourth ligands are longer than expected. Contrary to what has been observed to date in all other T(6) insulin structures, there are no contacts between pairs of GluB13 residues, either at room temperature or at 100 K, that would suggest the presence of a hydrogen bond. At room temperature, three of the six independent GluB13 side chains are disordered; at 100 K, both independent side chains are disordered. The disorder in the GluB13 side chains and the lack of contacts between carboxylate groups suggests that as a result of disruption of the hydration structure in the central core of the hexamer, all six B13 carboxylates bear a negative charge. This in turn suggests that in the hydrated structures the well ordered water structure in the central core is involved in stabilizing the B13 side-chain conformations and modulating charge repulsions among the six B13 glutamates if they are not protonated, or that, as is considered more likely, the water structure plays an important role in modulating the pK(a) values of the B13 glutamates, resulting in protonation and hydrogen-bond formation.

Lessons from an aged, dried crystal of T(6) human insulin.,Smith GD, Blessing RH Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2003 Aug;59(Pt 8):1384-94. Epub 2003, Jul 23. PMID:12876340^[11]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Chan SJ, Seino S, Gruppuso PA, Schwartz R, Steiner DF. A mutation in the B chain coding region is associated with impaired proinsulin conversion in a family with hyperproinsulinemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Apr;84(8):2194-7. PMID:3470784
↑ Barbetti F, Raben N, Kadowaki T, Cama A, Accili D, Gabbay KH, Merenich JA, Taylor SI, Roth J. Two unrelated patients with familial hyperproinsulinemia due to a mutation substituting histidine for arginine at position 65 in the proinsulin molecule: identification of the mutation by direct sequencing of genomic deoxyribonucleic acid amplified by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 Jul;71(1):164-9. PMID:2196279
↑ Shibasaki Y, Kawakami T, Kanazawa Y, Akanuma Y, Takaku F. Posttranslational cleavage of proinsulin is blocked by a point mutation in familial hyperproinsulinemia. J Clin Invest. 1985 Jul;76(1):378-80. PMID:4019786 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI111973
↑ Yano H, Kitano N, Morimoto M, Polonsky KS, Imura H, Seino Y. A novel point mutation in the human insulin gene giving rise to hyperproinsulinemia (proinsulin Kyoto). J Clin Invest. 1992 Jun;89(6):1902-7. PMID:1601997 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI115795
↑ Molven A, Ringdal M, Nordbo AM, Raeder H, Stoy J, Lipkind GM, Steiner DF, Philipson LH, Bergmann I, Aarskog D, Undlien DE, Joner G, Sovik O, Bell GI, Njolstad PR. Mutations in the insulin gene can cause MODY and autoantibody-negative type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2008 Apr;57(4):1131-5. doi: 10.2337/db07-1467. Epub 2008 Jan 11. PMID:18192540 doi:10.2337/db07-1467
↑ Stoy J, Edghill EL, Flanagan SE, Ye H, Paz VP, Pluzhnikov A, Below JE, Hayes MG, Cox NJ, Lipkind GM, Lipton RB, Greeley SA, Patch AM, Ellard S, Steiner DF, Hattersley AT, Philipson LH, Bell GI. Insulin gene mutations as a cause of permanent neonatal diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Sep 18;104(38):15040-4. Epub 2007 Sep 12. PMID:17855560 doi:10.1073/pnas.0707291104
↑ Edghill EL, Flanagan SE, Patch AM, Boustred C, Parrish A, Shields B, Shepherd MH, Hussain K, Kapoor RR, Malecki M, MacDonald MJ, Stoy J, Steiner DF, Philipson LH, Bell GI, Hattersley AT, Ellard S. Insulin mutation screening in 1,044 patients with diabetes: mutations in the INS gene are a common cause of neonatal diabetes but a rare cause of diabetes diagnosed in childhood or adulthood. Diabetes. 2008 Apr;57(4):1034-42. Epub 2007 Dec 27. PMID:18162506 doi:10.2337/db07-1405
↑ Molven A, Ringdal M, Nordbo AM, Raeder H, Stoy J, Lipkind GM, Steiner DF, Philipson LH, Bergmann I, Aarskog D, Undlien DE, Joner G, Sovik O, Bell GI, Njolstad PR. Mutations in the insulin gene can cause MODY and autoantibody-negative type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2008 Apr;57(4):1131-5. doi: 10.2337/db07-1467. Epub 2008 Jan 11. PMID:18192540 doi:10.2337/db07-1467
↑ Edghill EL, Flanagan SE, Patch AM, Boustred C, Parrish A, Shields B, Shepherd MH, Hussain K, Kapoor RR, Malecki M, MacDonald MJ, Stoy J, Steiner DF, Philipson LH, Bell GI, Hattersley AT, Ellard S. Insulin mutation screening in 1,044 patients with diabetes: mutations in the INS gene are a common cause of neonatal diabetes but a rare cause of diabetes diagnosed in childhood or adulthood. Diabetes. 2008 Apr;57(4):1034-42. Epub 2007 Dec 27. PMID:18162506 doi:10.2337/db07-1405
↑ Boesgaard TW, Pruhova S, Andersson EA, Cinek O, Obermannova B, Lauenborg J, Damm P, Bergholdt R, Pociot F, Pisinger C, Barbetti F, Lebl J, Pedersen O, Hansen T. Further evidence that mutations in INS can be a rare cause of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY). BMC Med Genet. 2010 Mar 12;11:42. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-42. PMID:20226046 doi:10.1186/1471-2350-11-42
↑ Smith GD, Blessing RH. Lessons from an aged, dried crystal of T(6) human insulin. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2003 Aug;59(Pt 8):1384-94. Epub 2003, Jul 23. PMID:12876340

1 Structural highlights
2 Disease
3 Function
4 Evolutionary Conservation
5 Publication Abstract from PubMed
6 References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/1os4"

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Dehydrated T6 human insulin at 295 K==
 <StructureSection load='1os4' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1os4]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.25&Aring;' scene=''>
 == Structural highlights ==
-<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1os4]] is a 12 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1OS4 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1OS4 FirstGlance]. <br>
+<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1os4]] is a 12 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1OS4 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1OS4 FirstGlance]. <br>
 </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
 <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1mso|1mso]], [[4ins|4ins]], [[3ins|3ins]]</td></tr>
-<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1os4 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1os4 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1os4 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1os4 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1os4 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
+<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1os4 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1os4 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1os4 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1os4 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1os4 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1os4 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
 </table>
 == Disease ==
@@ Line 15: / Line 16: @@
 Check<jmol>
   <jmolCheckbox>
-    <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/os/1os4_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
+    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/os/1os4_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
@@ Line 30: / Line 31: @@
 </div>
 <div class="pdbe-citations 1os4" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
-==See Also==
-*[[Molecular Playground/Insulin|Molecular Playground/Insulin]]
 == References ==
 <references/>
@@ Line 38: / Line 36: @@
 </StructureSection>
 [[Category: Homo sapiens]]
-[[Category: Human]]
 [[Category: Blessing, R H]]
 [[Category: Smith, G D]]

1os4

From Proteopedia

Revision as of 07:23, 15 February 2018

Dehydrated T6 human insulin at 295 K

Structural highlights

Disease

Function

Evolutionary Conservation

Publication Abstract from PubMed

References

Contents

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

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