Function
Insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor activated by insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and II[1]. The IR is a dimer where each monomer contains 8 distinct domains. The β-chain contains a tyrosine kinase catalytic domain (TK). For more details see Student Projects for UMass Chemistry 423 Spring 2012-1.
Disease
IR is important for the regulation of glucose homeostasis and its malfunction can cause diabetics and cancer. IR is overexpressed in cancer[2].
Structural highlights
TK domain of IR contains an activation loop and a catalytic loop and 3 phosphorylated tyrosine residues. The bound IR substrate 2 peptide tyrosine is the phosphorylated residue[3].
See also Insulin Receptor - kinase domain (hebrew).
3D structures of insulin receptor
1irk – hIR TK domain – human
1i44, 1p14 – hIR TK domain (mutant)
2hr7 – hIR domains 1-3
2mfr – hIR transmembrane domain - NMR
4xlv - hIR TK domain (mutant) + ATP derivative
1ir3 - hIR TK domain (mutant) + ATP analog + peptide
3bu5, 3bu6 - hIR TK domain + ATP + peptide
3bu3 - hIR TK domain + peptide
1gag, 2z8c - hIR TK domain (mutant) + peptide
3ekk, 3ekn, 4ibm - hIR TK domain (mutant) + inhibitor
3eta - hIR TK domain + inhibitor
2dtg, 3loh - hIR ectodomain (mutant) + antibody
2auh – hIR TK domain + growth factor receptor-bound protein 14
2b4s - hIR TK domain + tyrosine-protein phosphatase
1rqq – hIR TK domain (mutant) + adaptor protein PS
References
- ↑ Lee J, Pilch PF. The insulin receptor: structure, function, and signaling. Am J Physiol. 1994 Feb;266(2 Pt 1):C319-34. PMID:8141246
- ↑ Frasca F, Pandini G, Sciacca L, Pezzino V, Squatrito S, Belfiore A, Vigneri R. The role of insulin receptors and IGF-I receptors in cancer and other diseases. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2008 Feb;114(1):23-37. doi: 10.1080/13813450801969715 . PMID:18465356 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13813450801969715
- ↑ Wu J, Tseng YD, Xu CF, Neubert TA, White MF, Hubbard SR. Structural and biochemical characterization of the KRLB region in insulin receptor substrate-2. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2008 Mar;15(3):251-8. Epub 2008 Feb 17. PMID:18278056 doi:10.1038/nsmb.1388
