Sandbox Surcrase isomaltase

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Function

Sucrase isomaltase is a partially embedded integral protein located in the brush border of the small intestine. SI is responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of dietary carbohydrates that includes starch, sucrose, and isomaltase. It is composed of two subunits: sucrase and isomaltase. The gene that codes for SI is located on chromosome 3 and is composed of 48 exons. The brush border is an important function of absorption of minerals and amino acids the body can use. The border is composed of millions of microvilli tightly packed together that are anywhere from 100 to 2,000 nanometers. Some other key enzymes in the small intestine are glucoamylase (Maltase), lactase, and peptidases.

Medical Implications

Congenital Sucrase-isomaltase Deficiency is a mutation in the sucrase isomaltase gene and it affects individuals ability to digest sugars such as sucrose and maltose. These sugars are found in fruits, table sugars, and grains such as bread and certain cereals. Congenital Sucrase-isomaltase Deficiency is an autosomally recessive intestinal disorder. Mutations cause the enzyme activity to be greatly reduced or completely absent. Symptoms of SID include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramps when sugar is ingested.

Relevance

Structural highlights

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