User:Madelyn Kasprzak/Sandbox 6
From Proteopedia
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In addition, TET1 has a CXXC-type zinc finger domain near the N-terminus. However, the TET1 CXXC domain lacks the conserved lysine-phenylalanine-glycine-glycine (KFGG) motif commonly seen within the CXXC domains of other DNA binding proteins, such as DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1). A study conducted by Frauer et al. in 2011 showed that the isolated CXXC domain of TET1 has no DNA binding activity, which agrees with the evidence suggesting that the KFGG motif increases affinity for unmethylated DNA.<ref name='Frauer et al.'>DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016627</ref> Frauer et al. also speculated that the CXXC domain of TET1 may be involved with protein-protein interactions instead of DNA binding.<ref name='Frauer et al.' /> | In addition, TET1 has a CXXC-type zinc finger domain near the N-terminus. However, the TET1 CXXC domain lacks the conserved lysine-phenylalanine-glycine-glycine (KFGG) motif commonly seen within the CXXC domains of other DNA binding proteins, such as DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1). A study conducted by Frauer et al. in 2011 showed that the isolated CXXC domain of TET1 has no DNA binding activity, which agrees with the evidence suggesting that the KFGG motif increases affinity for unmethylated DNA.<ref name='Frauer et al.'>DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016627</ref> Frauer et al. also speculated that the CXXC domain of TET1 may be involved with protein-protein interactions instead of DNA binding.<ref name='Frauer et al.' /> | ||
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| + | == Function == | ||
| + | ===Common Function=== | ||
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| + | All three TET enzymes and their isoforms are involved in the biochemical pathway that converts 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). They also regulate the further conversions of 5hmC to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and then 5fC to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC).<ref name='He et al.'>DOI: 10.1126/science.1210944</ref> Although experimental data shows that TET3 does so to a lesser extent than TET1 and TET2.<ref name='He et al.' /> | ||
== Disease == | == Disease == | ||
Revision as of 04:11, 14 April 2016
TET Enzymes
TET enzymes are a family of dioxygenases that are involved in the process of oxidizing methylated cytosine. Members of this family include ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1), methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2, and methylcytosine dioxygenase TET3. The gene for the first of these proteins, TET1, was identified when it was determined to be fused to the Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene as a result of a translocation event that occurred between chromosomes ten and eleven (hence the name). [1]
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References
- ↑ Lorsbach RB, Moore J, Mathew S, Raimondi SC, Mukatira ST, Downing JR. TET1, a member of a novel protein family, is fused to MLL in acute myeloid leukemia containing the t(10;11)(q22;q23). Leukemia. 2003 Mar;17(3):637-41. PMID:12646957 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2402834
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kinney SR, Pradhan S. Ten eleven translocation enzymes and 5-hydroxymethylation in mammalian development and cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;754:57-79. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9967-2_3. PMID:22956496 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9967-2_3
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Frauer C, Rottach A, Meilinger D, Bultmann S, Fellinger K, Hasenoder S, Wang M, Qin W, Soding J, Spada F, Leonhardt H. Different binding properties and function of CXXC zinc finger domains in Dnmt1 and Tet1. PLoS One. 2011 Feb 2;6(2):e16627. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016627. PMID:21311766 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016627
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 He YF, Li BZ, Li Z, Liu P, Wang Y, Tang Q, Ding J, Jia Y, Chen Z, Li L, Sun Y, Li X, Dai Q, Song CX, Zhang K, He C, Xu GL. Tet-mediated formation of 5-carboxylcytosine and its excision by TDG in mammalian DNA. Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1303-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1210944. Epub 2011 Aug, 4. PMID:21817016 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1210944
