| Structural highlights
Function
[H2B1J_HUMAN] Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.[1] [2] [3] Has broad antibacterial activity. May contribute to the formation of the functional antimicrobial barrier of the colonic epithelium, and to the bactericidal activity of amniotic fluid.[4] [5] [6] [H2AZ_HUMAN] Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. May be involved in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin. May be required for chromosome segregation during cell division.[7]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
H2A.Z is incorporated into nucleosomes located around transcription start sites and functions as an epigenetic regulator for the transcription of certain genes. During transcriptional regulation, the heterotypic H2A.Z/H2A nucleosome containing one each of H2A.Z and H2A is formed. However, previous homotypic H2A.Z nucleosome structures suggested that the L1 loop region of H2A.Z would sterically clash with the corresponding region of canonical H2A in the heterotypic nucleosome. To resolve this issue, we determined the crystal structures of heterotypic H2A.Z/H2A nucleosomes. In the H2A.Z/H2A nucleosome structure, the H2A.Z L1 loop structure was drastically altered without any structural changes of the canonical H2A L1 loop, thus avoiding the steric clash. Unexpectedly, the heterotypic H2A.Z/H2A nucleosome is more stable than the homotypic H2A.Z nucleosome. These data suggested that the flexible character of the H2A.Z L1 loop plays an essential role in forming the stable heterotypic H2A.Z/H2A nucleosome.
Crystal structures of heterotypic nucleosomes containing histones H2A.Z and H2A.,Horikoshi N, Arimura Y, Taguchi H, Kurumizaka H Open Biol. 2016 Jun;6(6). pii: 160127. doi: 10.1098/rsob.160127. PMID:27358293[8]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Kim HS, Cho JH, Park HW, Yoon H, Kim MS, Kim SC. Endotoxin-neutralizing antimicrobial proteins of the human placenta. J Immunol. 2002 Mar 1;168(5):2356-64. PMID:11859126
- ↑ Tollin M, Bergman P, Svenberg T, Jornvall H, Gudmundsson GH, Agerberth B. Antimicrobial peptides in the first line defence of human colon mucosa. Peptides. 2003 Apr;24(4):523-30. PMID:12860195
- ↑ Howell SJ, Wilk D, Yadav SP, Bevins CL. Antimicrobial polypeptides of the human colonic epithelium. Peptides. 2003 Nov;24(11):1763-70. PMID:15019208 doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2003.07.028
- ↑ Kim HS, Cho JH, Park HW, Yoon H, Kim MS, Kim SC. Endotoxin-neutralizing antimicrobial proteins of the human placenta. J Immunol. 2002 Mar 1;168(5):2356-64. PMID:11859126
- ↑ Tollin M, Bergman P, Svenberg T, Jornvall H, Gudmundsson GH, Agerberth B. Antimicrobial peptides in the first line defence of human colon mucosa. Peptides. 2003 Apr;24(4):523-30. PMID:12860195
- ↑ Howell SJ, Wilk D, Yadav SP, Bevins CL. Antimicrobial polypeptides of the human colonic epithelium. Peptides. 2003 Nov;24(11):1763-70. PMID:15019208 doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2003.07.028
- ↑ Farris SD, Rubio ED, Moon JJ, Gombert WM, Nelson BH, Krumm A. Transcription-induced chromatin remodeling at the c-myc gene involves the local exchange of histone H2A.Z. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 1;280(26):25298-303. Epub 2005 May 6. PMID:15878876 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M501784200
- ↑ Horikoshi N, Arimura Y, Taguchi H, Kurumizaka H. Crystal structures of heterotypic nucleosomes containing histones H2A.Z and H2A. Open Biol. 2016 Jun;6(6). pii: 160127. doi: 10.1098/rsob.160127. PMID:27358293 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160127
|
