| Structural highlights
Function
[GABR1_HUMAN] Component of a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor for GABA, formed by GABBR1 and GABBR2. Within the heterodimeric GABA receptor, only GABBR1 seems to bind agonists, while GABBR2 mediates coupling to G proteins. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase, stimulates phospholipase A2, activates potassium channels, inactivates voltage-dependent calcium-channels and modulates inositol phospholipid hydrolysis. Calcium is required for high affinity binding to GABA. Plays a critical role in the fine-tuning of inhibitory synaptic transmission. Pre-synaptic GABA receptor inhibits neurotransmitter release by down-regulating high-voltage activated calcium channels, whereas postsynaptic GABA receptor decreases neuronal excitability by activating a prominent inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) conductance that underlies the late inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. Not only implicated in synaptic inhibition but also in hippocampal long-term potentiation, slow wave sleep, muscle relaxation and antinociception. Activated by (-)-baclofen, cgp27492 and blocked by phaclofen.[1] [2] [3] [4] Isoform 1E may regulate the formation of functional GABBR1/GABBR2 heterodimers by competing for GABBR2 binding. This could explain the observation that certain small molecule ligands exhibit differential affinity for central versus peripheral sites.[5] [6] [7] [8] [GABR2_HUMAN] Component of a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor for GABA, formed by GABBR1 and GABBR2. Within the heterodimeric GABA receptor, only GABBR1 seems to bind agonists, while GABBR2 mediates coupling to G proteins. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase, stimulates phospholipase A2, activates potassium channels, inactivates voltage-dependent calcium-channels and modulates inositol phospholipid hydrolysis. Plays a critical role in the fine-tuning of inhibitory synaptic transmission. Pre-synaptic GABA receptor inhibits neurotransmitter release by down-regulating high-voltage activated calcium channels, whereas postsynaptic GABA receptor decreases neuronal excitability by activating a prominent inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) conductance that underlies the late inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. Not only implicated in synaptic inhibition but also in hippocampal long-term potentiation, slow wave sleep, muscle relaxation and antinociception.[9] [10] [11] [12]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Metabotropic GABAB receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that mediates inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS. It functions as an obligatory heterodimer of GABAB receptor 1 (GBR1) and GABAB receptor 2 (GBR2) subunits. The association between GBR1 and GBR2 masks an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal in the cytoplasmic region of GBR1 and facilitates cell surface expression of both subunits. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first crystal structure of an intracellular coiled-coil heterodimer of human GABAB receptor. We found that polar interactions buried within the hydrophobic core determine the specificity of heterodimer pairing. Disruption of the hydrophobic coiled-coil interface with single mutations in either subunit impairs surface expression of GBR1, confirming that the coiled-coil interaction is required to inactivate the adjacent ER retention signal of GBR1. The coiled-coil assembly buries an internalization motif of GBR1 at the heterodimer interface. The ER retention signal of GBR1 is not part of the core coiled-coil structure, suggesting that it is sterically shielded by GBR2 upon heterodimer formation.
Heterodimeric coiled-coil interactions of human GABAB receptor.,Burmakina S, Geng Y, Chen Y, Fan QR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Apr 28. PMID:24778228[13]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Kaupmann K, Schuler V, Mosbacher J, Bischoff S, Bittiger H, Heid J, Froestl W, Leonhard S, Pfaff T, Karschin A, Bettler B. Human gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptors are differentially expressed and regulate inwardly rectifying K+ channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Dec 8;95(25):14991-6. PMID:9844003
- ↑ White JH, Wise A, Main MJ, Green A, Fraser NJ, Disney GH, Barnes AA, Emson P, Foord SM, Marshall FH. Heterodimerization is required for the formation of a functional GABA(B) receptor. Nature. 1998 Dec 17;396(6712):679-82. PMID:9872316 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/25354
- ↑ Nomura R, Suzuki Y, Kakizuka A, Jingami H. Direct detection of the interaction between recombinant soluble extracellular regions in the heterodimeric metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 22;283(8):4665-73. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M705202200. Epub 2007, Dec 28. PMID:18165688 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M705202200
- ↑ Geng Y, Xiong D, Mosyak L, Malito DL, Kniazeff J, Chen Y, Burmakina S, Quick M, Bush M, Javitch JA, Pin JP, Fan QR. Structure and functional interaction of the extracellular domain of human GABA(B) receptor GBR2. Nat Neurosci. 2012 Jun 3;15(7):970-8. doi: 10.1038/nn.3133. PMID:22660477 doi:10.1038/nn.3133
- ↑ Kaupmann K, Schuler V, Mosbacher J, Bischoff S, Bittiger H, Heid J, Froestl W, Leonhard S, Pfaff T, Karschin A, Bettler B. Human gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptors are differentially expressed and regulate inwardly rectifying K+ channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Dec 8;95(25):14991-6. PMID:9844003
- ↑ White JH, Wise A, Main MJ, Green A, Fraser NJ, Disney GH, Barnes AA, Emson P, Foord SM, Marshall FH. Heterodimerization is required for the formation of a functional GABA(B) receptor. Nature. 1998 Dec 17;396(6712):679-82. PMID:9872316 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/25354
- ↑ Nomura R, Suzuki Y, Kakizuka A, Jingami H. Direct detection of the interaction between recombinant soluble extracellular regions in the heterodimeric metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 22;283(8):4665-73. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M705202200. Epub 2007, Dec 28. PMID:18165688 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M705202200
- ↑ Geng Y, Xiong D, Mosyak L, Malito DL, Kniazeff J, Chen Y, Burmakina S, Quick M, Bush M, Javitch JA, Pin JP, Fan QR. Structure and functional interaction of the extracellular domain of human GABA(B) receptor GBR2. Nat Neurosci. 2012 Jun 3;15(7):970-8. doi: 10.1038/nn.3133. PMID:22660477 doi:10.1038/nn.3133
- ↑ White JH, Wise A, Main MJ, Green A, Fraser NJ, Disney GH, Barnes AA, Emson P, Foord SM, Marshall FH. Heterodimerization is required for the formation of a functional GABA(B) receptor. Nature. 1998 Dec 17;396(6712):679-82. PMID:9872316 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/25354
- ↑ Martin SC, Russek SJ, Farb DH. Molecular identification of the human GABABR2: cell surface expression and coupling to adenylyl cyclase in the absence of GABABR1. Mol Cell Neurosci. 1999 Mar;13(3):180-91. PMID:10328880 doi:http://dx.doi.org/S1044-7431(99)90741-8
- ↑ Nomura R, Suzuki Y, Kakizuka A, Jingami H. Direct detection of the interaction between recombinant soluble extracellular regions in the heterodimeric metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 22;283(8):4665-73. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M705202200. Epub 2007, Dec 28. PMID:18165688 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M705202200
- ↑ Geng Y, Xiong D, Mosyak L, Malito DL, Kniazeff J, Chen Y, Burmakina S, Quick M, Bush M, Javitch JA, Pin JP, Fan QR. Structure and functional interaction of the extracellular domain of human GABA(B) receptor GBR2. Nat Neurosci. 2012 Jun 3;15(7):970-8. doi: 10.1038/nn.3133. PMID:22660477 doi:10.1038/nn.3133
- ↑ Burmakina S, Geng Y, Chen Y, Fan QR. Heterodimeric coiled-coil interactions of human GABAB receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Apr 28. PMID:24778228 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1400081111
|
