| Structural highlights
3t06 is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Gene: | ARHGEF11, KIAA0380 (HUMAN), ARH12, ARHA, RHO12, RHOA (HUMAN) |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Function
[ARHGB_HUMAN] May play a role in the regulation of RhoA GTPase by guanine nucleotide-binding alpha-12 (GNA12) and alpha-13 (GNA13). Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase and may act as GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GNA12 and GNA13. [RHOA_HUMAN] Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essential role in cleavage furrow formation. Required for the apical junction formation of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion. Serves as a target for the yopT cysteine peptidase from Yersinia pestis, vector of the plague, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which causes gastrointestinal disorders. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. May be an activator of PLCE1. Activated by ARHGEF2, which promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. The MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It controls the localization of APC and CLASP2 to the cell membrane, via the regulation of GSK3B activity. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of the MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
PDZRhoGEF (PRG) belongs to a small family of RhoA-specific nucleotide exchange factors, which mediate signaling through select G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) via Galpha12/13, and activate RhoA by catalyzing the exchange of GDP to GTP. PRG is a multidomain protein composed of PDZ, RGSL, DH and PH domains. It is autoinhibited in cytosol, and is believed to undergo a conformational rearrangement and translocation to the membrane for full activation, although the molecular details of the regulation mechanism are not clear. It has been shown recently, that the main autoregulatory elements of PDZRhoGEF - the autoinhibitory 'activation box' and the 'GEF switch', which is required for full activation, are located directly upstream of the catalytic DH domain and its RhoA-binding surface, emphasizing the functional role of the RGSL-DH linker. Here, using a combination of biophysical and biochemical methods, we show that the mechanism of PRG regulation is yet more complex, and may involve an additional autoinhibitory element in the form of a molten globule region within the linker between RGSL and DH domains. We propose a novel, two-tier model of autoinhibition, where the 'activation box' and the molten globule region act synergistically to impair the ability of RhoA to bind to the catalytic DH-PH tandem. The molten globule region and the 'activation box' become less ordered in the PRG/RhoA complex, and dissociate from the RhoA binding site, which may constitute a critical step leading to PRG activation.
Insights into the molecular activation mechanism of the RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, PDZRhoGEF.,Bielnicki JA, Shkumatov A, Derewenda U, Somlyo AV, Svergun DI, Derewenda ZS J Biol Chem. 2011 Aug 4. PMID:21816819[9]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Quilliam LA, Lambert QT, Mickelson-Young LA, Westwick JK, Sparks AB, Kay BK, Jenkins NA, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG, Der CJ. Isolation of a NCK-associated kinase, PRK2, an SH3-binding protein and potential effector of Rho protein signaling. J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 15;271(46):28772-6. PMID:8910519
- ↑ Vincent S, Settleman J. The PRK2 kinase is a potential effector target of both Rho and Rac GTPases and regulates actin cytoskeletal organization. Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Apr;17(4):2247-56. PMID:9121475
- ↑ Wing MR, Snyder JT, Sondek J, Harden TK. Direct activation of phospholipase C-epsilon by Rho. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 17;278(42):41253-8. Epub 2003 Aug 4. PMID:12900402 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M306904200
- ↑ Yuce O, Piekny A, Glotzer M. An ECT2-centralspindlin complex regulates the localization and function of RhoA. J Cell Biol. 2005 Aug 15;170(4):571-82. PMID:16103226 doi:10.1083/jcb.200501097
- ↑ Kamijo K, Ohara N, Abe M, Uchimura T, Hosoya H, Lee JS, Miki T. Dissecting the role of Rho-mediated signaling in contractile ring formation. Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Jan;17(1):43-55. Epub 2005 Oct 19. PMID:16236794 doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-06-0569
- ↑ Bristow JM, Sellers MH, Majumdar D, Anderson B, Hu L, Webb DJ. The Rho-family GEF Asef2 activates Rac to modulate adhesion and actin dynamics and thereby regulate cell migration. J Cell Sci. 2009 Dec 15;122(Pt 24):4535-46. doi: 10.1242/jcs.053728. Epub 2009, Nov 24. PMID:19934221 doi:10.1242/jcs.053728
- ↑ Zaoui K, Benseddik K, Daou P, Salaun D, Badache A. ErbB2 receptor controls microtubule capture by recruiting ACF7 to the plasma membrane of migrating cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Oct 26;107(43):18517-22. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1000975107. Epub 2010 Oct 11. PMID:20937854 doi:10.1073/pnas.1000975107
- ↑ Wallace SW, Magalhaes A, Hall A. The Rho target PRK2 regulates apical junction formation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Jan;31(1):81-91. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01001-10. Epub 2010 Oct 25. PMID:20974804 doi:10.1128/MCB.01001-10
- ↑ Bielnicki JA, Shkumatov A, Derewenda U, Somlyo AV, Svergun DI, Derewenda ZS. Insights into the molecular activation mechanism of the RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, PDZRhoGEF. J Biol Chem. 2011 Aug 4. PMID:21816819 doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.270918
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